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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Justinian
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Emperor of Byzantine Empire
Born in 527 AD Reconquered Italy, North Africa, Spain Reconquest exchausted resources Did not have enough funds to defend eastern border against Persians Justinian Code- basis of future legal systems Constructed roads, aqueducts, monasteries, churches Commissioned building of Hagia Sophia Died in 565 |
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Alfred the Great
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United Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in 866
Founded schools in England Translated books from Latin to Anglo-Saxon Scholars wrote the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (history of England) Successors were weak (Edward the Confessor) |
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Muhammad
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Prophet of Islam
Born in Mecca in 570 Revelations from Angel Gabril in 610 Returned to Mecca to preach One true God to worship All who believed in God were equal Followers became Muslim Received death threats in Mecca Migrated to Madinah where he was accepted 624- Madinah Compact laid foundation of Islamic State Returned to Mecca with strength Islam spread to the entire Arabian Peninsula after his death |
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Ivan III
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Known as Ivan the Great
United many Eastern Slavic principalities under his rule Refused to pay taxes to Mongols in 1480 |
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Theodora
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Wife of Justinian
Actress looked down upon but married anyway Worked to improve social status of women Persuaded Justinian to stay and fight off rebellions in 532 Gave Justinian chance to rule Empire without challenge |
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Genghis Khan
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United scattered Mongolian clans under his rule in 1200
Real name was Temujin Took the name "universal ruler" in 1206 Created new law code- Yasa Organized army into flexible groups Conquered surrounding tribes and then China Learned many new technologies like gunpowder Died in 1227 |
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Clovis
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Became first Merovingian ruler to be king of the Franks in 481
First Germanic ruler to accept Catholicism Strong military victories gave throne stability |
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Pope Innocent III
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Convened council to condemn drunkenness, feasting among clergy in 1215
Set strict rules on heresy Called the Fourth Crusade in hopes of regaining control of Jerusalem from Muslims |
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Charlemagne
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Became Frankish king in 768
Began the Carolingian Dynasty Doubled borders First time since Rome that most of Western Europe was under one government Set up a school at Aachen, his capital Defended Pope Leo III against Roman nobles in 800 Crowned the new Roman Emperor |
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William the Conqueror
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Duke of Normandy
Laid claim to throne of England after his cousin, Edward the Confessor, died in 1066 Defeated Harold Godwinson at Battle of Hastings Won the English crown Carried out first census since Roman times Recorded into Domesday Book |
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Henry II
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King of England in 1100s
Set up system of common law applied equally throughout country Required clergy to pay taxes because government needed money Thomas Becket, archbishop of Canterbury, opposed Murdered in 1170 by knights who believed they were acting on King Henry II's orders |
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Joan of Arc
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Went to the court of King Charles VII of France in 1429
Gained support and inspired French army to win at Orleans Helped to crown Charles VII king of France Tried for witchcraft by England Burned at the stake |
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Saladin
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Strong Muslim leader
Captured Jerusalem in 1187 which led to the Third Crusade Saladin's army held strong against Richard I Made failed attempt at peace treaty Led to Massacre at Acre Richard I turned back and Saladin kept control of Jerusalem |
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Thomas Aquinas
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Scholastic thinker of 1200s
Wrote Summa Theologica Claimed that reason could provide answers to philosophical questions Catholic church later accepted Aquinas' views on reason |
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Richard I (the Lionhearted)
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King of England during 1100s
Son of Henry II and Eleanor of Aquitaine Went on Third Crusade Could not win major battle against Saladin Turned back to return to the Holy Roman Empire without gaining Jerusalem |
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Eleanor of Aquitaine
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Wife of King Henry II of England and King Louis VII of France
Influential during Henry II's reign from 1135 to 1170 |
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Marco Polo
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Venetian who arrived in Kublai Khan's court around 1271
Traveled in Mongol territory on Kublai's missions Returned to Venice to be thrown in jail Recited splendors of Mongolian territory to Rusticello, his cellmate Recorded stories into Description of the World Nicknamed "Prince of Liars" Nobody believed his book |
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Kublai Khan
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First great Mongol Emperor of China
Reigned from 1260 to 1294 Began the Yuan Dynasty Expanded borders into Korea and Southeast Asia Respected Chinese culture, did not destroy it Gave high positions in government to Mongols Ruled during Pax Mongolica After death in 1294, Chinese overthrew weak successors |
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Hugh Capet
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Began the Capetian dynasty in 987 after ending the Carolingian dynasty
Controlled city of Paris and strip of land between Seine and Loire rivers Lasted for more than 3 centuries |
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Pepin the Short
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Became King of Franks in 754
Pepin defended Pope against Lombards Gave strip of Lombard land to Pope (Papal States) Formed bond between Western Europe and the church |
