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13 Cards in this Set

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Treaty Of Versailles aims - Clemenceau
Clemenceau wanted a very harsh treatment on Germany due to the fact that many of France’s land had been destroyed during the war, which made France economically weak and devastated. Also Germany had seized Alsace-Lorraine during the 1870 war, which created fear for France as Germany had attacked them twice in 45 years. This fear made Clemenceau’s decision thus wanting harsh consequences so Germany could not get back up and threatens France anymore. He wanted to militarily and economically diminish Germany so that France had acknowledgement that they would be safe from Germany.
Treaty Of Versailles aims - Woodrow Wilson
Woodrow Wilson did not want harsh consequences on Germany since America was less damaged by the war then any other country. He believed that nations should co-operate together in order to prevent future wars hence the LON. He thought of the 14 points consequently, which emphasized fairness, prevention of future wars etc. so in this way world peace could be attained. Furthermore, Woodrow Wilson was an idealist which meant he thought about things rationally therefore contributing to his peaceful ideas.
Treaty Of Versailles aims - David Lloyd George
DLG did not want to destroy Germany due to trade relations that were present and these were very important so if he punished Germany too hard, these relations would be torn and would affect England’s economy. Also he had the fear that if he punished Germany too harshly they would come back for revenge. On the contrary, there was a lot of pressure from the public as they wanted to ‘squeeze the pips out’ of Germany and DLG had to abide since elections were coming up.
Terms of the Treaty of Versailles
G guilt of war, article 231, blamed for WW1
A armed force reduction, 100,000 army, no conscription
R reparations to pay £6.6 Billion
G germany lost land e.g. Alsace-Lorraine. Lost empire
L league of nations
Aims of the League of Nations
D disarm
I improve social and working lives
E enforce the Treaty of Versailles
E encourage trade between countries
S stop wars
Manchurian crisis
1. In 1930, the Japanese wanted to extend empire, ruled over Korea and owned Manchurian railway
2. Sept 1931, claimed chinese soldiers bombed and then attacked Chinese army
3. China did not fight back
4. Japan army invaded even though civilian fov of Japan said not to
5. Jan-May 1932 captured Shanghai
6. Feb 1932 conquered Manchuria
7. Chinna appealed to LON
8. Delegation sent and returned Sept 1932 (nearly a year) and requested Manchuria to be returned
9. Assembly held in Feb 1933. 40 nations blamed Japan for war
10. 1933 Japan invaded Jehol
Abyssinian Crisis (Mussolini)
1. Dec 1934 Italian soldiers attacked party of Brits and Abyssinians at Oasis
2. Jan 1935 Abyssinia asked LON to arbitrate
3. Mussolini refused LON and made treaty with France to help against Germans
4. Haile Selassie, emperor of Abyssinia, the league banned armed sales.
5. Sept league appointed five power committees to arbitrate Abyssinia
6. Mussolini and HS refused to accept leagues plans
7. Oct 1935 Italy’s 100,000 strong army invaded Abyssinia
8. Italians used flamethrower and tanks and Abyssinia had war drums
How did Germany become the Weimar Republic?
1. Agreeing to the armistice (ceasefire) meant agreeing to a democratic country
2. There was a ‘power vacuum’ – the Kaiser had abdicated
3. Many political ideas were floating around which caused political instability
4. Social and economic issues which needed to be addressed e.g. high unemployment therefore an establishment was needed
Features of the Weimar
1. Men and women over the age of 20 had the vote
2. Seats in the Reichstag would be awarded by a proportion to no of votes
3. Bill of rights gave freedom of speech and protection of civil and legal rights
4. Article 48: President right to rule by decree in crisis (benefitted Hitler)
Weimar crisis 1923
1. Germany failed to keep up with reparations
2. France and Belgium upset
3. They invaded the Ruhr to take goods
4. Government called for passive resistance (miners stopped working)
5. Government printed money to pay to workers
6. Hyperinflation
7. Meant many Germans suffered e.g. pensioners
8. Economic instability caused the need for re-assurance. Hitler thought perfect time to cease control and staged the Munich Putsch
9. Munich Putsch did not work but showed Weimar Republic was under attack from other political parties
8 Steps to World War 1 (Remember learn them in depth)
1. Rearmament
2. Saar plebiscite
3. Remilitarisation of Rhineland
4. Anschluss
5. Sudetenland
6. Czechoslovakia Nazi soviet pact
7. Poland
Why was Hitler able to become chancellor?
L ong term bitterness. Hitler bitter to war and TOV
I neffective constitution. Gov. did not know how to stop Hitler
M oney. Financial support from business men for propaganda
P ropaganda. Persuade Germans to believe Jews were to blame.

P romises. Promised everyone everything
A ttack on other parties. Storm troopers
P ersonal qualities. Charismatic, speeches and self belief.
E conomic depression. Wall street crash 1929
R ecruited by Hindenburg (thought they could control him)
Rigged German Elections Led To Psychopath Nazi Fuhrer
Reichstag fire. Blamed communists Feb 1933
General Election 44% vote. Arrested 5th Mar 1933
Enabling Act. Power to make laws. 23 Mar 1933
Local government. Gestapo Secret police 26 Apr 1933
Trade unions banned. Closed 2 May 1933
Political parties banned. 14 Jul 1933
Night of long knived. Killed 400 SA men. 30 Jun 1934
Fuhrer. Hindenburg dies Hitler becomes president. 19 Aug 1934