History Flashcards

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Thurgood Marshall

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He fought the supreme court,

Cases- Murray vs. Pearson/ Chambers v. Florida & Smith v. Allwright / Brown v. Board of education /

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Rosa Parks

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She was a black women who fought for Independence and no more segregation, Bus boycott, she didn't want to move up to the front

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( SCLC ) Southern Christian leadership conference

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is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.

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( SNCC ) Student Nonviolent coordinating committee

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was one of the most important organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from astudent meeting organized by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960.

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Martin Luther King Jr

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Civil rights activists, Creator of the " I have a Dream " speech . He was assassinated at his hotel balcony in April 4, 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee

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Sit-In

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a form of protest in which demonstrators occupy a place, refusing to leave until their demands are met.

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

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United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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Freedom Riders

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were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions Irene Morgan v. Commonwealth of Virginia (1946) and Boynton v. Virginia (1960), which ruled that ...

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James Meredith

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civil rights activist who became the first African American to attend the University of Mississippi in 1962.

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Freedom summer

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was a campaign in the United States launched in June 1964 to attempt to register as many African-American voters as possible in Mississippi, which had historically excluded most blacks from voting.

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Civil Rights Act of 1964

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is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

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Fannie Lou Hammer

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was an American voting rights activist, civil rights leader, and philanthropist.

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Voting Rights Act of 1965

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A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people.

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De Facto segregation

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Racial segregation, especially in public schools, that happens “by fact” rather than by legal requirement.

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De jure Segregation

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is separation enforced by law

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Malcolm X

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An African-American political leader of the twentieth century. A prominent Black Muslim, Malcolm X explained the group's viewpoint in a book written by Alex Haley, The Autobiography ofMalcolm X. He was assassinated in 1965.

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Black Panthers

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a member of a militant political organization set up in the US in 1966 to fight for black rights.

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Affirmative Action

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an action or policy favoring those who tend to suffer from discrimination, especially in relation to employment or education; positive discrimination.

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Civil Rights Act of 1968

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defines housing discrimination as the “refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race, color, religion, or national origin”.

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Kerner Commission

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The National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders

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Black power

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a movement in support of rights and political power for black people, especially prominent in the US in the 1960s and 1970s.