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11 Cards in this Set

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Second Middle Passage
Who: slaves, slave traders, slave owners
Where: from the upper South/coast to Deep South
When: 1820-1860
What: slaves were moved from the upper south to the Deep South. There were at least 660,00 interstate sales in the 40 year span.
Why: It reinforced the chattel principle, destroyed families and created “social death,” which is when slaves were sent from places with social connections to places away from family and friends
“Paternalistic Idea” of Slavery
Who: salve owners and slaves
Where: US (mostly the south)
When: 19th century
What: - slaves and how their owners view their relationships
- the thought that the owner was a father figure to his slaves and knew best for them
- view that slaves had it easy and their owners had their best interest in mind

Why: significant because it justified to the slave owners that theywere doing what was best for their slaves but it negated their paternalistic idea because ultimately they were breaking up families and communities to better their own slave workforce
“Borderlands View of Western History
Who: Pioneers/ people who are “discovering” the west
Where: Eastern United States to the western United States
When: 1800’s
What: Examination of multiple borderlands that reveals the “diversity of the West”
Why: -western expansion was not gradual
-People stepped over the Great Plains and went straight for the coast
-By examining the uneven settlements ecological factors and the inhabitants of these lands prior to the Americans the west history can be derived
Compromise 1850
Who: Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C. Calhoun, Stephen Douglas
Where: US, specifically California, New Mexico, Texas, Utah, and D.C.
When: 1850 (approved in September)
What: -California admitted as a free state
-NM and Utah were each allowed to use popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery
-Texas gave up land for $10 million from the US government to pay off debts to Mexico
-Slave trade was abolished in D.C.
-The fugitive slave law of 1850 was passed
Why: The party system was aligned
Slave Power
Who: Senate, Polk, Slave states, Wilmot
Where: New Territory, slave states, debate happened in D.C.
When: 1820’s
What: -When Wilmot Proviso was struck down by the senate (democrats), northerners/abolitionist began to see that slave states had more power and wanted to extend slavery to the new territory acquired
-republicans/house just wanted to contain it

Why: proves that slave states have more power by the rejection of the Wilmot Proviso, shows that slave power did really exist and was aggressively trying to expand its influence
Total War
Who: confederacy and union
Where: US in the south
When: 1864
What: the union not only militarily attacked the south but also attempted to attack them economically and geographically
Why: -because of the south’s successful economy the north depended on their profits as well
-the north was afraid of total war for that reason but had to, to be successful in the Civil War
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Who: Lincoln and Stephen Douglas
Where: Freeport, Illinois
When: 1858
What: Lincoln believed that the “House divided cannot stand,” but Douglas believed that a segregated nation would be ok if each separate territory regulated their own affairs
Why: legislature elected Douglas to another term in the senate but republicans thought Lincoln’s performance against Douglas made him a contender for president in 1860
Contraband
Who: Union army, Black Slaves, Congress, Union
Where: Confederate Territory
When: May 1861
What: -Goods seized by the government during wartime
-When the goods were being used by an enemy nation, or being shipped to an enemy nation by a neutral nation
-Term also applied to slaves who escaped and fled behind Union lines

Why: important because slaves were rebelling and running away from their owners and gaining confidence and power, but were still seen as objects and not people which will lead to them wanting to change this
Second Confiscation Act
Who: Congress, Lincoln, slaves, slave owners
Where: Union territory from slave states
When: July 17, 1862
What: -Act that declared that slaves to anyone who supported the rebellion would
be freed if they came into federal custody.
- Provided for the seizure and sale of other property owned by disloyal citizens
-Forbid army and navy personal to decide on the validity of any fugitive slaves claim to freedom or to surrender any fugitive to any claimant
-Unlike the first confiscation act, it did not matter whether of not the slaves had been used for military purposes

Why: it seems that US is loosing its grip on slaves/slavery by broadening the extent of slaves allowed to be freed/work for union
Presidential Reconstruction
Who: Abe Lincoln
Where: US in the south
When: 1860-1865
What: Lincoln needed to readmit the southern sates back into the union so he enacted his 10% plan and set certain conditions under which the states could be readmitted
Why: -this is the product of Abe Lincoln’s plan for the nation all along
-lincoln’s motive for the Civil War was to save the union and this reformation of the nation is what needed to be done all along
Congressional/Radical Reconstruction
Who: Congress (headed by Radical Republicans)
Where: US in the south
When: 1867-1870
What: all states that arc to be readmitted into the union must write a new constitution and must repeal and deny (repudiate) secession from the union and war debt to the rich, southern owners that funded the war would not be repaid
Why: -by not repaying the war debt the south becomes dependent on the north
-when the north becomes tired of “punishing” the south, Hays and compromise system come into play