History Final Pt. 2

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3. What caused African American voting rights to become more limited during the early 1800s?

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Southern Democrats implemented several devices to prevent blacks from voting. The poll tax had a fee that was high enough that most poor were unable to pay the tax that prevented them from voting. The poll tax affected both whites and blacks, but it was mainly emphasized on blacks who were just emerging from slavery. Literacy tests required a certain level of proficiency that blacks did not have. As well as suppressive election procedures , and black codes that enforced segregation.

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7. How were the slave gender roles different than in larger American society?

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The roles that men had were considered to be a woman's job in Africa, for example men who worked on the fields were not expected to do that in Africa. Also, woman in Africa who had a child saw it as a rite of passage towards being a woman but in America, a slave woman who had a child was an economic boost for the slave owner and his profits. Lastly, woman who had children on a slave plantation was expected to work after giving birth and leave her child alone with others while in Africa or other parts of America, the woman took to seeing after her child and took motherhood seriously.

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9. What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions during the reform movement?

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The aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions during the reform movement was shaped to the idea of perfectionism. Society wanted to have a reduction of whipping and beating, commutation of sentences, and the separation of women, children and the sick. They wanted to move children from jails into juvenile detention centers, in order to separate them from the other older prisoners.

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14. Why did many Americans criticize the Mexican War? How did they see expansion as a threat to American liberties?

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Many questioned Polk's methods as misleading and unconstitutional. Abolitionists rightly feared that southerners would try to use newly acquired lands to expand slavery. Antiwar sentiment emerged in New England much as it had in the War of 1812.

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15. What three questions did the Supreme Court address in the Dred Scott case? Assess the Court’s argument.

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The first question dealt with if slavery should be allowed in the west. The Compromise of 1850 allowed residents to decide by voting. The second question dealt with the Court addressing the idea that a slave could be set free by being brought into a free state or territory. Lastly, the question considered whether Dred Scott had any standing to sue. It ruled that African Americans were not citizens under the Constitution because the people who wrote the Constitution had no intention of giving blacks the same rights as whites.

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16. What made the American Civil war the first modern war?

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The civil war was considered the first modern war because it went from using old battle ships and old muskets to a variety use of mechanized and electrified devices. Some of these devices would be the telegraph; allowed for communication within different states through long distance rather than pigeon mess angers. Another example would be the creation of railroads; transport supplies at a faster rate than boats and using ironclad ships in battle than wooden ships. Lastly, the creation of the Gatling gun improved and was a predecessor of the modern machine gun.

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18. By what methods did southern whites seek to limit African-American civil rights and liberties?

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Southern whites sought to limit African-American civil rights and liberties by establishing the Jim Crow laws . It was a form of separating African-Americans from whites as well from stopping them from voting due to the tests required. One of these tests was the ability to read, but the problem was that many slaves or African-Americans could not read, meaning that many could not vote. Another reason was because the Confederate states enacted restrictive laws which were designed to restrict freed blacks’ activity and ensure their availability as a labor force.

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19. Why did sharecropping replace slave-run plantation? What were the effects of sharecropping in the South?

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Sharecropping replaced slave-run plantation because after the Civil War, African Americans no longer needed to work on slave plantations. Sharecropping allowed African-Americans to rent small plots of land and to work for themselves. African Americans would give a portion of their crop to the landowner at the end of the year. However, sharecroppers ended up owing the landowner more than they were able to repay.

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1. What role did the Manifest destiny play in the history of the United States?

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It drived the country from ocean to ocean, east to west. Meaning that, it was the reason America encompassing most of North America, and drived out most of the native Americans. This attitude helped fuel western settlement, Native American removal and war with Mexico.

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17. How did the Emancipation Proclamation, northern military success and actions by the slaves themselves combine to end slavery?

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The EP helped pave the way for southern slaves the courage or idea to rebel against the south and aid the north. It also helped pave the way for the first black companies in the north and were considered better companies than the white. The north was more advanced because they had the railroad to transport supplies and troops at a faster rate, and the north was at a stand still and was success because of the technological advantages they had.