History Final Exam Reams

Front 1

Battle of Jutland

Back 1

big sea battle between british and german navies in 1916-technically germans won in inflicting more losses than gotten. unchanged situation german fleet fleet for home to not be annihilated --germans decided to use unrestricted submarine warfare knowing US will come into war

Front 2

Battle of the Marne

Back 2

battle that put a stop to german Schleifan plan--British and French defeated the germans and forced them to to flee north

Front 3

Battle of the Somme

Back 3

British offensive in 1916 lasted june 1 to late oct

1st day british attacked the german trenched which they thought had been destroyed by artillery but germans got out in time to mow down British- single largest day of soldiers killed launched cuz of battle of verdun

Front 4

Battle of Verdun

Back 4

launched by germans against french austensivly the aim was to gain city of verdun but was really to bleed french white Germans suffered almost has much as french counted as a french victory horrendous casualties

Front 5

Franz Ferdinand

Back 5

heir to austro hungarian throne his assassination lead to the outbreak of WW1

Front 6

Gallipoli Campaign

Back 6

british attempt to see turkish straights its primary sponsor was winston churchill but was a bloody failure

Front 7

Hindenburg & Ludendorff

Back 7

german general who was credited for early victories over Russians particularly battle of hedekirk. he and chief of staff become 2 man dictatorship in germany and then he became president and appointed hitler as chancellor in 33

Front 8

Plan XVII

Back 8

french war plan for WW1 more of a mystique than a strategy--massive offensive against the germans in assaince lorraine and retake those provinces and press on to berlin

Front 9

Poison Gas

Back 9

germans first to use on massive scale this--germans had most advance chemical industry

Front 10

Schlieffen Plan

Back 10

the german plan to go to war to invade via begum and capture paris and then destroy french army in territory east of paris between paris and east corridor and defeat them in 6 weeks to ship most of troops east to confront slow moving russians near success but failure shaped war on western front stopped by battle of marne. reiterated to defense for rest of war

Front 11

U-boat

Back 11

submarine unrestricted submarine warfare is what brought US into WW1

Front 12

Great Depression

Back 12

this brought hitler to power hit the Germans harder than the US. German Economy and political system fell-- nazis or communist form government and Nazi's lesser of 2 evils Hitler was chancellor to be in control

Front 13

Hitler

Back 13

antics before the war-- used military force to take territory and used militarized power to get into the zone Rhineland where german were not suppose to go and first of disruptive acts on international state. french and british did nothing

Front 14

Lenin

Back 14

leader of bolshivak party he and close associates were shipped from switzerland across germany in a seal tray by german authorities so they can go to petragrad near st petersburg to cause trouble for russians. most violent wing of the russian socialist movement

Front 15

Munich Agreement

Back 15

agreement between hitler and british prime minister that forced czechs to hand over land to germans. Czechs lost land

Front 16

Mussolini

Back 16

first fascists leader to come to power. prime minister of italy in 22. full blown fascists dictator till 26

Front 17

Stalin

Back 17

the ultimate after death of lenin he and throsky fought it out politically and he won. become true totalitarian dictator master of soviet union and known for bloody purges of first communist party leadership and the leadership of army then leadership of secret police stalin had absolute control of three elements of soviet union that matters Communist party--secret police and communist party purge trials communist in particular

Front 18

Treaty of Versailles

Back 18

the treaty between allies and german did 2 things to tick germans off

in order to justify the german to pay refutations

War guilt clause

limited size of german army to 100 thousand men

Front 19

Trotsky

Back 19

bolshavac leader basically lenin chief of lutenist who become really prominent during russian civil war-- war between reds and white his actions his comasar for war that allowed the red army to trial then subsequent leader struggle with stalin forced to exile and lived in mexico and killed with ice axe from stalin followers

Front 20

Aircraft Carrier

Back 20

became most important warship in pacific war none of our carriers were at pearl harbor when japs attacked

Front 21

Battle of Britain

Back 21

first battle fought basically entirely in air-- german ludwaffle was trying to gain air supremacy preferably between germany and asia ludwaffle lost this battle mostly due to british use of radar along the coast that could spot german formations which gave ample warning

Front 22

Blitzkrieg

Back 22

german method of attack in WW2 basically involved close cooperation of tanks and aircraft esp dive bombers used as a substitute for field artillery

Front 23

Churchill

Back 23

became wartime leader of great Britain was largely responsible for idea that british would not negotiate peace with germans even tho germans offered pretty good deals became symbol of defiance

Front 24

German Conquests in 1939-40

Back 24

first one was germans on attack on Poland which caused outbreak of WW2

attacked denmark and norway

offensive in the west where they conquered netherlands belgium and defeated french and forced british to evacuate their entire expeditionary force from dun curt German successes

Front 25

Guadalcanal

Back 25

first american offensive in the pacific war

Front 26

Hitler

Back 26

committed suicide in bunker as chancellor

Front 27

Japanese Conquests in 1942

Back 27

Dutch East Indies and Oil

Front 28

Kursk

Back 28

enormous tank battle fought between germans and solvates. biggest in history Germans lost

marked last time german marked offensive against solvates in WW2

Front 29

MacArthur

Back 29

commanded the southwest pacific command New Guinea to phiilipines and then to Japan

Amazing both good and bad only guy who was young general in WW1 and old in WW2 and korean war and commanding general their until fired by president truman -- bold amphibious attack at anchong korean peninsula

Front 30

Manhattan Project

Back 30

the cover name for the building of the atomic bomb

Front 31

Okinawa

Back 31

the final battle of the pacific war--the gaps unveiled the Kamikaze --concentrated attacks

Front 32

Operation Barbarossa

Back 32

German code name for the invasion of the soviet union

Front 33

Midway

Back 33

decisive battle in the pacific of WW2 when US wiped out 4 Japanese aircraft carriers which broke the back of their Navy

Front 34

Rommel

Back 34

German general who became famous in north africa where he was called the desert fox cuz he was such a hard opponent to beat

Front 35

Stalingrad

Back 35

considered to be decisive battle of the russian front --a german army after suffering horrific losses captured city of stalingrad and trapped there by solviets in 42. Stalin was forced to surrender so Entire German army fell into the hand of the Russians turning point in german invasion of soviet union

Front 36

Strategic Bombing

Back 36

of german cities americans would bomb by day cuz B-17 could fight its way into germany and drop bombs on precise target which was incorrect and British flew at night which was much harder big Controversy... was it worth the massive expenditures worth killing over half million german civilians

p51 mustang fighter--dissapointing aircraft royce engine gave the American bombers fighter escorts didnt have escorts to targets and back

Front 37

The Italian Campaign

Back 37

controversial --churchills brainstorm said that italy was the soft underbelly of the axis

fight ur way north and once got to northern italy could get into france or balking which is what he wanted... bad mistake delayed chief invasion of europe--invasion of normady

Front 38

Castro

Back 38

through a guerrilla revolution in 1959, he seized political power in Cuba and has been there ever since pursuing a series of communist reforms.

Front 39

Cold War

Back 39

confrontation between soviet union and allies and the americans and their allies --2 sides never directly fight each other did engage in proxy war-- the Korean war broke out in 1950

Front 40

Containment Policy

Back 40

a U.S. foreign policy adopted by President Harry Truman in the late 1940s, in which the United States tried to stop the spread of communism by creating alliances and helping weak countries to resist Soviet advances.Sig: This was the general American plan during the Cold War.

Front 41

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 41

an international crisis in October 1962, when the U.S. discovered Soviet nuclear missiles on Cuba, President John F. Kennedy demanded their removal and announced a naval blockade of the island; the Soviet leader Khrushchev acceded to the U.S. demands a week later.Sig:, the closest approach to nuclear war at any time between the U.S. and the USSR.

Front 42

Fall of Communism in Eastern Europe

Back 42

-fall of Berlin Wall 1989-mass migration from Eastern Europe to Western-Impact on Eastern Europe; leads to intellectuals and others leave Eastern Europe but living conditions start to improve

Front 43

Gorbachev

Back 43

a former Soviet statesman. He was the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union, having served as General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991 when the party was dissolved.

Front 44

Khrushchev

Back 44

a politician who led the Soviet Union during part of the Cold War First Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union from 1953 to 1964, and as Chairman of the Council of Ministers, or Premier, from 1958 to 1964. was responsible for the de-Stalinization of the Soviet Union, for backing the progress of the early Soviet space program, and for several relatively liberal reforms in areas of domestic policy.

Front 45

Korean War

Back 45

proxy war from cold war

north korea puppet state of soviet union received permission from stalin to invade south korea massive attack on south which almost succeeded american sources shipped in south koreans almost swept of peninsula mcarthur uncharge of occupation of japan

our aimed changed from kicking out of south korea was to creat united non communist free korea got chinese upset launched massive invasion drove us back mcarthur wanted to use a bunch of bomb truman fired mcarthur american CEASAR

Front 46

Marshall Plan

Back 46

was an American initiative to aid Western Europe, in which the United States gave $13 billionin economic support to help rebuild Western European economies after the end of World War II. The plan was in operation for four years beginning April 8th 1948. The goals of the United States were to rebuild war-devastated regions, remove trade barriers, modernize industry, make Europe prosperous again, and prevent the spread of communism

Front 47

Reagan

Back 47

He would later make nuclear weapons a key point of his presidency, specifically his opposition to mutually assured destruction, building on previous efforts to limit the spread of nuclear weapons to a new focus to reduce the numbers and types of them

Front 48

Soviet Invasions in Eastern Europe

Back 48

Continental Europe emerged from German domination in 1945, shattered and transformed. After the German surrender, Great Britain, the United States, France, and the Soviet Union divided Germany and Austria into four occupation zones, each to be administered by one of the victorious powers. The cities of Berlin and Vienna were similarly divided and occupied.

Front 49

Vietnam and Afghanistan

Back 49

in both wars the enemies defeated a European power, then ended up in a civil war for national reunification. Second, in both wars the US set out to create a US army base to train indigenous people. Finally, one of the biggest similarities is that in both cases the US misunderstood the nature of the enemy they were fighting.