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34 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Constantine

Founded Constantinople


1st emperor to regionalize Christianity


Ended Christian Persecutions

Charlegmane

Ruled the Carolingian Empire which became the largest in Western Europe since the fall of the Roman Empire.




was crowned "emperor of the romans"




Called for educational reforms: missi dominic



Lief Erikson

Also known as " erik the lead"




1st person to set foot in North America from Europe.




Heard rumors and wanted to see if it was real



Justinian and Theodora

Rulers of the Byzantine Empire




Corpus Irvus was their Roman law they abide by.




Rebuilt Constantinople after the Nike riots.

Muhammed

leader of the Islam religion




was the prophet and leader of Mecca




Left mecca and moved to Medina




Had a vision when an angel spoke to him and taught a new re-evaluation of Allah's word.

Pope Urban II

Headed the 1st crusade




Calls for crusade to take the Nicea and Levant from the Seljuk Turks




Grants plenary indulgences to all of those crusades. they purchase a person time they wouldn't spend in purgatory. go straight to heaven

Saladin

1711 conquest of egypt ended christian attempts to take the region.




Founded Ayyubid dynasty




1811 Battle of Hattin took Jerusalem and let the people go back to Christian lands. No one expected that mercy. Battle ws the biggest blood bath

Ghengis Khan

Founder of the Mongol Empire which became largest in history after his death.




Conquered many parts of Asia and China

Ferdinand and Isabella

Sponsored Chris Columbus voyage




united argon and Castile with their marriage




Established Catholicism which casted out Jews and Muslims

Caesaropapism

Theory that stated as a ruler you have control over heaven and the region.




Christian idea of rulership




Head of the Church and State




Mostly in the Byzantine Empire

Council of Nicaea

Council of Christian Bishops




Set guidelines for Christianity




constantinople called it apolstolic succession.




Closed the Canon of N.T

Cenobites

Known for living in common with other monks in monastaries and convents




created by St. Pachomius




isolated themselves from society

Basilius

Official leader of the Eastern European Empire




head of church at Constantinople




Appealed to urban II for help

Nike Riots

Lead to the destruction of Constantinople




Blue vs Green




known for its violent history




Entire city renewed after destruction

Kaaba

religious shrine where Abraham and other gods resided




circumambulated by Muslims on a pilgrimage to Mecca




Center of the Mosque in Mecca




Pre-islam place on weapons or fighting around this area.


trade center


center of hajj

Qur'an

Holy text of Muslims




word of God as revealed to Muhammed

caliph

person considered a religious successor of the Islamic prophet, Muhammed and leader of the entire Muslim community



house of wisdom

Public university meets library




1st wide use of paper




greek text translated into Arabic




Baghdad

Gregorian Reforms

Increased education for clergy




no more illiteracy




enforced laws concerning chastity, simony, and pluralism for clergy.




increased presence in the church

Aachen


Location 4

Palace of Achen group of buildings with residential political and religious purposes.




Chosen by Charlemagne



Capital of Carolingian Empire




Well known for education and Charlemagne wanted to increase literacy.

Baghdad


Location 10

Capital of Abbasid Caliphate


Was the center of education and culture.


confluence of trade


hajj is an annual Islamic pilgrimage to Mecca, and a mandatory religious duty for Muslims that must be carried out at least once in their lifetime

Cordoba


Location 1

Capital of Iberian Peninsula.


City in Southern Spain




Spanish architecture




Constantinople


Location 6

Capital of the Byzantine Empire



Ireland


Location 2

Monastic Movement


Monks were once secure in small temples and secluded and ended up in huge buildings



Jerusalem


Location 7

conquered by Salinda




target place for every crusade




known as the holy land

Mecca


Location 9

Birthplace of Muhammad.


holds the sacred mosque for Muslims.



declared site of pilgrimage for Muhammad








Medina

Muhammad fled here.




site where Muhammad received the command to change the direction of prayer to Mecca.

Normandy


Location 3

Northsmen land settled by Vikings.


Most important.

Scandinavia

Norsemen/ Vikings founded




cold non-agricultural region

Trace the transmission of Greek and Latin texts and ideas from the Fall of Rome to the 12th century Renaissance through more than one route.

12th century Renaissance through more than one route. 3 routes that they could have taken. 1st route was the western route: 1st people reserving texts were the people of Ireland. Only people who were literate in who are in the monasteries. Then the Irish golden age ends; raided by Vikings. Have other monasteries elsewhere in which they were moved to western Europe Akan. 2nd route was Constantinople books were being read and then to Baghdad. Two routes from Baghdad included Cordoba and Jerusalem. 3rd Route was through Cordoba.

Explain the political and religious factors that led up to the Crusades

Religious: westerns were getting more involved in Christian theory due to Pope Gregory 2nd. Reconquista in Spain (set the precedence for conflict of Christian and Muslims-Christians taking over Muslim territory).Christian European forces took the entire land. The most immediate cause for the crusades were Muslim incursions into Christian lands.




Political: The ultimate political motive and event that sparked the Crusades occurred when emperor from Constantinople basilias asked for help and was under attack by the. In response Pope Urban II gave out indulgences for those who were willing to fight in the Crusades. People were in a collective mind-set to fight in the war from the incentives.

Describe the effects that the Black Death had on Europe culturally, religiously and politically.

Started a conflict between the Christians and the Jews. The people blamed the Jews for the cause of this disease.Led them down a path persecution or flagellation. Tried to exile the Jews, economically disturbed the balance between economics leading to the collapse of the infrastructure. Economy began to fall and people were dying. That means people had to do more work which in return raised wages up. There also was an overabundance of goods.

Describe how the balance of power shifted between Western Europe, Eastern Europe and the Middle East throughout the medieval period

Who has best military, land government. At the fall of the roman empire east thrive, west in shambles. Rise of Islam Middle East thrived. Know the year which was the most powerful taking everything into consideration. Ex: 1492 Western Europe was the most powerful and also the middle East (ruler was ottoman empire).

Compare theViking and Columbian contacts with North America in terms of their impact onthe peoples and environment of North America

Vikings: looking for arable land


Similar lattitude less equip to deal


Disease (colder climate) (less disease)


Repelled by Native American military bc they had a better military.


Healthy


Numbers were greater than the North Americans.




Columbians:


Looking for a trade route


Different economic and political motives


More people and bigger investment drove them to keep coming.


More knowledge for sustaining themselves.


Disease- warmer climate where disease thrived.


Not defeated by North Americans; well equip.