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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Deism
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Deism is a religion followed by the Philosophes of the Enlightenment. They were unhappy with the way of thinking by the Church. In deism, they thought of Earth like a clock, with God as the clockmaker. They weren’t as connected to God. Deism is significant because it was a new way people were thinking of God.
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Magna Carta
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Nobles resented the growth of king’s power, rebelled during the reign of king john, made him sign the Magna Carta, which gave more rights to the noble. It protected the noble’s rights. It is significant because many of the ideas in the Magna Carta are in the Declaration of Independence.
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Scientific Revolution
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Overthrew the medieval view of the world and arrived at a new conception of the universe. Brought new ways of thinking. Significant because it led to the Enlightenment.
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Glorious Revolution
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During the reign of James II, nobles were unhappy because he and his heir were Catholic. Nobles asked Mary, his protestant daughter and her husband William to invade. They drove James II out of England. It was called the Glorious revolution because very little blood was shed. Mary and William took the throne after they agreed to sign the bill of rights. It is significant because it laid the foundation for a constitutional monarchy.
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French Revolutionary Army
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Important step in creation of modern nationalism. Before, wars had been fought between governments or ruling dynasties by professional soldiers or small armies. The new army was the creation of a people’s government. It was a people’s war.
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Cottage Industry
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Most goods were made inside the home with the whole family helping. Things were made by hand. All of this changed when factories began. It is significant because it was how goods were made before factories.
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Continental System
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Napoleon made the continental system; this ordered all European nations he had conquered to stop trade with the British; it forbade British imports entry to the European ports he controlled. Didn’t work because Russia did not want to be told what to do by another country. It didn’t even effect the British because they had many other countries to trade with. It is significant because Nationalism contributed to its failure
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Relics of Feudalism
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French peasants still had obligations to lords; aristocratic privilege; payments for village facilities; only the third estate paid taxes. They were significant because the peasants were angry about them. They eventually led to the start of the French Revolution.
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Congress of Vienna
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Representatives of the "great powers" (Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia) who defeated Napoleon attempted to restore pre-Revolutionary order, dismantled empire. Metternich (leader) wanted to suppress national consciousness (threatening to multi-cultural Austria) attempted restoration of ancient regime. It was significant because they were trying to restore the old order.
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Conservatism
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Did not want change. "Stick to the status quo." Favored obedience to political authority and the belief that organized religion was crucial to society. Mostly upper class. Liked the government the way it was. Changes would cause conservatives to lose some power and privileges. Anti-revolution. Pro Order. Obedience!!! In order for a good government people need obedience to the government. It was significant because they did their best not to let anything change.
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Liberalism
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Based on enlightenment. Freedom and natural right (i.e. press, speech, assembly, religion) Right to protest. Restricted voting to men with property. Partially democratic. The idea that people should be as free from restraint as possible. A belief in the protection of civil liberties. Open to change. Role of government was to protect natural rights. Wanted a constitution. Believed in a constitutional limited monarchy or a republic.
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Universal Male Suffrage
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Major liberalist issue. Liberals wanted everyone to vote. When everyone got the right to vote, peasants could vote Socialists in who would help make their lives better.
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Factory Acts of 1833 and 1844
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In 1833, the government gave rights to children it put a maximum number of hours they could work. The Factory Act in 1844 put a limit on the number of hours women could work. It was significant because it helped women and children, but it also put more work for the males in the family.
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Karl Marx
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Wrote the Communist Manifesto, appalled by bad working condition and blamed industrial capitalism, all world history was a struggle between the classes which would lead to a revolution which the proletariat would form a dictatorship and it would end with a classless society
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Charles Darwin
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Said that each kind of plant and animal had evolved over a long period of time from earlier and simpler forms of life (called organic revolution) he also said that many more individuals of each species are born than can possibly survive, he believed some organisms were more adaptable to the environment than others (survival of the fittest) denied god’s creation, raised controversy, natural selection
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Romanticism
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Emotion, mystery, nature, feelings, imagination
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Trade Unions & Strikes
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Another force working for revolutionary rather than revolutionary socialism was the development of trade unions, masses of factory workers organized to use the instrument of strike, made progress in living and working conditions
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Mass Politics
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See Essay
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The Pankhursts
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The women’s social and political union founded by the Pankhursts, used unusual publicity stunts to call attention to its demands. Threw eggs, chained themselves, burned railroad cars, smashed windows. WOMEN WANTED THE RIGHT TO VOTE
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Social Darwinism
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Herbert Spencer applied Charles Darwin's ideas to social order. Argued that societies were organisms that evolved through time from a struggle with the environment. Social progress came from the struggle for survival as the strong advanced and the weak declined. Nations also behaved this way.
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Zionsism
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Many Jews moved to Palestine which became home for a Jewish Nationalist movement called Zionism. For Jews, Palestine, the land of ancient Israel, was the land of their Dreams. The leader was Theodor Herzl. Settlement was difficult because it was part of the Ottomon Empire. Wanted to take control back. They did all of this to escape discrimination.
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Sigmund Freud
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Viennese psychiatric doctor who helped people by helping them deal with bad repressed memories and he used dreams to help them. He said dreams teach us our past, and tell us about our human behavior. We can rediscover the suppressed memories (forgotten, not dealt with) memories
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White Man's Burden
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More religious and humanitarian approach to Imperialism. Argued that Europeans had a moral responsibility to civilize ignorant people. Believed that advanced nations (the west) should help Africa and Asia) they brought Christian message to the "heathen masses and brought the benefits of democracy and capitalism to the east. Westerners believed that their governments were bringing civilization to the primitive people of the world.
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Direct & Indirect Rule
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When the colonized people were cooperating, indirect rule was possible. Local rulers were allowed to maintain their positions. When the colonized people were not cooperating, countries used direct rule where the officials were replaced. Indirect rule was easier, cheaper and gave the colonized people an illusion of freedom.
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