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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the advantages and disadvantages of the North prior to the Civil War
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Advantages: More supplies, guns, soldiers, food, clothing, and railroads to transport them
Disadvantages: fighting in unfamiliar territory |
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What were the advantages and disadvantages of the South prior to the Civil War
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Advantages: strong motivation (fighting to keep way of life), knew the territory
Disadvantages: South were defending instead of invading, few men & supplies |
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What was Abraham Lincoln’s main goal?
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Preserve the union and bring states together
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What was the impact of Habeas Corpus(times of war)?
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Random people could not be arrested for nothing
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What was the Emancipation Proclamation?
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Declared all slaves free, but only when the north went and freed them.
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What was the Reconstruction period designed to do?
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Rebuild the country and bring the southern states back into the Union (most of south was destroyed & needed to be restored)
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What were the reasons Radical Republicans opposed the Lincoln/Johnson plan for Reconstruction?
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They wanted to punish the south more
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What were Jim Crow Laws?
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Legalized segregation between blacks and whites
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13th Amendment
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abolishes slavery
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14th Amendment
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equal protection under the law
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15th Amendment
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Prohibits the government from denying a citizen the right to vote based on skin color, race, or previous servitude (gave former slaves right to vote)
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What marked the end of the wars between the federal government and the Plains Indians?
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The massacre at Wounded Knee
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Why did the policy of treating the Great Plains as a huge reservation change?
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White settlers began wanting land on the plains
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What were the Indian wars (in order)
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*think, “Black Axe in a Sandy Creek, Sitting by a Big Horn*
1. Black hawk 2. Bad axe massacre 3. Sand Creek Massacre 4. Sitting Bull 5. Battle of Little Big Horn |
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Describe life and culture of the Plains Indians in the 1800s.
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The buffalo was vital to their survival & way of life (provided for many basic needs such as food, clothing, shelter). They were nomadic and moved from place to place following the buffalo. When they acquired horses and guns, the plains indians were able to travel farther & hunt more efficiently. They also lived in small extended family groups.
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What was the intent of the Homestead Act?
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to encourage people to settle in the west (promised 160 acres of land to anyone who promised to work it for 5 years)
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What happened to the land claimed by settlers of the Homestead Act?
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Many of the 'Homesteaders' failed in their attempts to farm the land they had been allocated due to dry, barren soil and insufficient rainfall. (160 acres back then wasn't actually that much land)
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What brought an end to the era of the wide-open western frontier?
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Barbed Wire
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The Dawes Act was designed to benefit whom?
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The Native Americans
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What did the demand for beef in the East contribute to?
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The development of the Chisholm trail (trail used in the post-Civil War era to drive cattle overland) |
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Who is Sitting Bull?
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Chief of sioux. He led attacks on white men. His defiant actions led to battle of Little Big Horn.
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What were the myths and realities of the life of a cowboy
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Myths: heroic, life was glamorous & exciting (went on adventures & fought off Indians), all were white & of medium stature
Realities: poorly paid, did hard labor in harsh conditions, many were African American or Mexican & small in stature |
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Why was the Transcontinental railroad built?
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To ship oil and supplies.
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Who built the Transcontinental railroad?
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Mostly immigrant Irish and Chinese workers.
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What were the results of the Transcontinental Railroad?
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Linked eastern and western markets and led to increased settlement of western lands
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20. Review the life of miners in the west
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Boom Towns: mining towns that sprung up quickly when gold or silver was discovered nearby (often lacked law and order because they grew so quickly)
Ghost Towns: mining towns left abandoned when miners moved away Working conditions for miners were very poor and dangerous. Workers risked their lives on platforms with no walls ensuring closure, and many developed respiratory diseases |
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What is Social Darwinism?
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belief that only the fittest societies would survive over time
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What caused the labor movement of the late 1800s?
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Unsafe working conditions & low pay
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What were the goals of the labor movement?
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organized labor unions fought for better wages, reasonable hours and safer working conditions. The labor movement led efforts to stop child labor, give health benefits and provide aid to workers who were injured or retired.
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What did industrial consolidation and trusts reduce during the late 1800s?
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competition
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What is the Sherman Antitrust Act?
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Act that outlawed monopolies
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In the late 1800s, collective bargaining was a technique used to …
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make agreements between workers and employers to win worker’s rights
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What is Vertical integration?
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When a single company controls the steps to produce and/or distribute a product or service. This increases their power in the marketplace as well as allows them to control the price & quality of the product.
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The main immigration processing station in New York was called
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Ellis island.
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Settlement houses were founded in the late 1800s by
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stanton coit
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What is the social gospel movement?
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Said people should act more religiously
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What were the main goals of the progressive movement?
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~protect social welfare,
~promote fairness, ~control big business, ~uphold moral values ~promote greater efficiency of government and business |
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Who are muckrakers?
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Investigative writers who wrote about corruption and injustice
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What was the primary goal of the NAACP?
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To ensure more equality for colored people (eliminate race-based discrimination)
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What did the assembly line lead to?
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Faster & more efficient production of goods
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Who gained most from the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment?
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Smaller states
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John D. Rockefeller, Cornelius Vanderbilt and Andrew Carnegie are all examples what?
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Robber barons
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What are the benefits of Industrialization?
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More inventions and jobs.
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How did the Industrial Revolution change the way people worked?
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Many people worked harder and worked in factories, mines, or building roads.
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Describe the quality of life for factory workers around 1900
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Factory workers had to face long hours, poor working conditions, and job instability. During economic recessions many workers lost their jobs or faced sharp pay cuts. Workers often performed one task over and over. It was also strictly regulated. Working hours were long averaging at least ten hours a day and six days a week for most workers, even longer for others. Factory conditions were also poor and, in some cases, deplorable. Lack of effective government regulation led to unsafe and unhealthy work sites. Accidents happened often resulting in injury or death.
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Why were many children forced to work in factories?
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Children were useful as laborers because their size allowed them to move in small spaces in factories or mines where adults couldn’t fit, children were easier to manage and control and perhaps most importantly, children could be paid less than adults. Child laborers often worked to help support their families, but were forced to forgo an education
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What do the major strikes in the late 1800s have in common?
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ask for higher wages, shorter hours (better work conditions)
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What caused the rapid growth of industry between 1865 and 1900?
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Development of steel, oil, and railroad industries, creation of new technology, higher worker morale due to better wages & working conditions won by labor unions
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What was a Robber Baron?
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The ‘thieves’ of the time. Very wealthy people who became rich through ruthless business practices
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The term urbanization is used to describe the growth of…
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People and buildings. (cities)
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What were travel accommodations like for most immigrants coming to the United States?
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Dirty, crowded and unhealthy
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Why did most new immigrants live in cities?
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Many job opportunities
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What factors made the United States appealing to immigrants?
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“Pull” Factors: economic opportunity & freedom from persecution
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A mixture of people of different cultures and races who blended together by abandoning their native languages and customs?
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Melting Pot
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What was the primary goal of prohibitionists?
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Ending alcohol sales. Stopping alcoholism (wife and child abuse, accidents, crime)
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Why were early progressive attempts to enact federal bans on child labor unsuccessful?
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very minimal public support, especially factory owners
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What strategies were used by woman suffragists to obtain their goal?
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social activism, const. amendments, lobby government, presidential reform
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What was Teddy Roosevelt's position on trusts?
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He did not like them or want them.
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Who were the people who wanted to reform America and solve problems brought on by industrialization?
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Progressives
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Which reform did the 19th Amendment enact?
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Gave women the right to vote
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In The Jungle, what did Upton Sinclair write about?
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Harsh and dirty conditions of meat packing industries
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What stimulated U.S. imperialism? (Causes)
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New markets, create naval bases throughout world, racism, peer pressure, closing of frontier, jingoism
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Who told the artist Frederic Remington, "You furnish the pictures and I'll furnish the war"? (Spanish-American War) YELLOW JOURNALISM
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William Randolph
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What did the United States insist that Cuba include in its constitution?
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Platt amendment
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On what did the Roosevelt Corollary build?
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U.S. would become an International Police Power
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What countries came under some form of U.S. control as a result of the Spanish-American War?
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Cuba, Puerto Rico, Philippines, Guam
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What did anti-imperialists believe?
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We should not rule over other countries. We should allow them to make their own governments
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Teddy Roosevelt's approach to foreign policy reflected the proverb "Speak softly and carry a big stick"
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We should go to other countries showing our military, but not doing anything. This is so they know how powerful we are if something does happen.
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What were the MAIN causes of World War I?
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Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
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Why was the United States drawn into World War I?
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U-boats were sinking British boats, Zimmerman Note
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Why did the United States fail to join the League of Nations?
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The U.S did not want to
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
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Germany had to take blame for the war, pay for damages, and reduce the size of their army
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Which nickname summarized the music and free spirit of the twenties?
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Jazz age
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Describe the character of the 1920s
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Across the nation, dance fads like the Charleston became all the rage, much to the chagrin of social conservatives. Jazz music represented all that was modern, carefree and even reckless. The 1920s were an age of dramatic social and political change.
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Describe the U.S. economy from 1923 to 1929.
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Good. People making more money and more things being made.
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Describe the Harlem Renaissance of the 1920’s.
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African Americans came up from the south to escape racism. Many went to Harlem, New York. They started to spread their culture and music there because Harlem had the highest concentration of black people in the world (300,000)
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What two Amendments to the Constitution are related to Prohibition?
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18th and 21st amendments
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18th Amendment
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established prohibition (made alcohol illegal)
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21st amendment
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repealed prohibition that 18th amendment had put into effect
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Describe the changing roles of women in the 1920’s.
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Women were becoming more independent and doing things that women usually wouldn't do. Women’s fashion was changing, they wore brighter colors, smoked in public, more rebellious, youthful, relaxed, more jobs for women
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During the 1920’s, a teacher was put on trial for what?
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John T Scopes- Trying to teach evolution
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What were the negative (and unexpected) effects of prohibition?
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Increased crime and more people drinking
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