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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who was the emperor of Russia at the time of the WWI but failed miserably?
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Tsar Nicholas II
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Trotsky a brilliant orator and radical Marxist, was a supporter of who and what were his plans for the group?
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Stalin and "The Bolsheviks"
He convinced the Soviet to form a special military-revolutioary committe and appoint him leader: and change the name Bolsheviks to the more popular democratic soviets-(It worked, they'd taken all the power) |
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Bolsheviks came to power for what three reasons?
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1. Under great leadership (Stalin & Trotsky)
2. Democracy replaced with Anarchy 3. Appealed to soldier and workers who were tired of war |
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What did Trotsky reestablish and planned what takeover?
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Draft for the Red Army; 1917 Takeover
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Who was Kerensky?
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Prime Minister of the Russian Government until Lenin took over.
He launched The Kerensky Offensive to continue the war |
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Who was Lenin in charge of and who did they fight and win?
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The Bolsheviks-Created Cheka (secret police)!-fought the whites and won, gained Asians conquered by Tsars
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Who was Rasputin?
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Most faithful adviser to Alexandria empress of Russia in Tsar Nicholas absence.
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What was Trench Warfare?
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A form of war in which both opposing armies have static lines of defense. Bloodiest was in WWI on the Western Front.
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What was the importance of the sinking of the Lusitania?
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A German submarine sank the British passenger liner, which was also carrying aid for the war effort. American lives were lost which later gave the US the need to enter WWI.
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What was the league of Nations?
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It was an organization founded as a result of the Treaty of Versaille. Replaced by the United Nations after it failed to work out (SUPriSe*, SuPRise*)
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Who was Archduke Franz Ferdinand?
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Archduke of Austria, killed by a Serb and made Austria declare war which caused the Allies to go to war.
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What was the Home Front?
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Most people were patriotic! People cut resources to provide for the war effort. (AMERICA)
German's jewish industrialist set up War Raw Materials Board to ration Germans Reichstag set up Auxiliary Service law for males to work only at jobs for the war effort |
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The Treaty of Versaille demanded Germany to pay what?
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Reperations equal to all civilian damages caused by the war.This caused inflation for Germany which brought a social revolution.
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The Reparations Committee was headed by Dawes with resulted in what?
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Dawes Plan reduced Germans yearly reparations and depended on their prosperity. (Accepted by Allies)
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What did the Treaty of Versailles claim?
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Germany had to limit its army
and blamed Germany for war ($$) Americans wanted revisions (League of Nations-made it impossible to go to war when necessary)-Peace conference in Paris |
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What was the Zionist movement?
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Encouraged Jews from all over the world to settle in the Palestine region but most preferred the US (But US and UK permitted Jews from entering)
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When Turkey entered the war who were expelled out of Palestine?
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Zionists
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Who supported the Zionist movement and for what reason?
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British support for Zionism would help Russia fight Germany
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Balfour Declaration was what?
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UK promised to help Jews find a home in Palestine
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What was Kibbutz?
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Jewish key agricultural organization (a collective farm on which each member shared equal in work.
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Who was Mao Zedong?
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Political and military leader that led the communist party of China to victory in the civil war.
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What and who did the Long March help?
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Mao Zedong gained support of it during the retreat of the red army (march gave army enough time to rebuild and gained support from peasents)
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What about the French Indochina?
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Increasingly wanted independence because of American racial attitudes.
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What was the May Fourth Movement?
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Opposed foreign domination and warlord government after the act of students in Beijing exploded against Versailles Peace Conference to leave land to Japanese
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Who was Chiang Kai-she?
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Leader of nationalists to reunite China under a strong central government and made Nanjing capital. Nationalists vs. Communists
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What was Totalitarianism?
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State regulates nearly every aspect of your life
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Who was history's first "totalitarian" society?
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Germany- because of Total war attitude
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What was collectivization?
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forcing the peasant farms into large state-controlled enterprises.
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What was the Nazi Labor Front?
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Replaced independent labor unions
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What was Lateran Agreement?
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Mussolini recognized the Vatican as a tiny independent state and agreed to give the church heavy financial support.
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What was "work and bread"?
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Hitler's term for economic prosperity he promised the people
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What book is Hitler famous for?
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Mein Kampf- wrote in prison opposed Judaism and Communism
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What was the Weimer Republic?
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Germany's young republic that paid its first payment and destroyed by Hitler's Nazism
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What was the Final Solution?
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Systematic genocide of Jews (most deadly phase of the Holocaust)
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What happened at Hiroshima and Nagasaki?
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U.S. dropped atomic bombs on both cities and finally Japanese surrendered only if they could keep their emperor in power
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What and who did the 5 yr plan/Revolution from above belong to?
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Stalin-leader of the communist party coined the term Revolution from above
-plan attempted to mobilize and transform soviet society into a socialist place |
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Who were the Kulaks?
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"Better off peasants""Those who opposed the new system" -weren't even permitted to join the collective farms or got re-educated at camps
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What did the enabling act do?
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Gave total power to Hitler
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What was the Holocaust?
Who were to blame? |
Eradication of Jews, Gypsies, Gays, Polish and others. German people who didn't feel responsible
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What was OPEC?
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Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries-it came about after the middle eastern countries were tired of not getting their fair share of the profits of their oil (increased war effort between Iraq and Iran)increased crude oil prices tenfold
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What was the Marshall Plan?
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US way of giving money to Europe to stop communism. Secretary of State offered Europe economic aid to help rebuild. Stalin refused
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What was the Berlin Airlift?
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Both US and Britain sent aerial supply to west Berlin.
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What was the Bay of Pigs?
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Kennedy used Cuban exiles to topple Castro but abandoned them when they hit shore.
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Who was Mikhail Gorbachev?
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ENDED THE COMMUNIST PARTY IN RUSSIA;Soviet head of state;reconciled with Reagan at summit conferences to end Cold war signed a treaty for united Germany to never develop mass nuclear warfare.
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Who was the Slovadan Milosevic?
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Serbian president wanted to grab land from other republics to create a "Greater Serbia"-caused the seperation of Slovenia and Croatia
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What did the US want President of Serbia, Milosevic to do?
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Withdraw from Kosovo, allow self-gov for Kosovo and permit NATO or we use heavy air attacks (we had to use force)
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What was the Truman Doctrine about?
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US's response to Stalin's spread of communism; plan aimed for containing communism in areas already occupied by the Red Army
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What was the Big Three about?
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Churchill, Roosevelt, and Stalin met at Yalta to crush Germany ended dividing Germany into Zones of occupation
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What was detente?
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Alternative to containing communism: progressive relaxation of cold war tensions
Highest Point: Helsinki Accord let Europe be free but Soviet Union opposed detente and invaded Afghanistan to save a Marxist regime. |
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What was the United Nations about?
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Idea was revived after WWII
Gave the organization a Security Council to intervene |
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What was the Warsaw Pact?
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Military alliance between socialist states
Pact against the threatening NATO |
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What was NATO formed for?
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Anti-soviet military alliance of Western Governments
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Who was Fidel Castro?
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President of Cuba; Overthrew Batista; friend of communism and Russia
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Who was Helmet Kohl?
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West German Chancellor; assured US, Soviet, Europe that their would be no reunified Germany; pro-American and for the EUro
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What was the Great Leap Forward?
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Mao Zedong's "bright idea" to change China from agrarian society to industrialized
PRODUCED A MAJOR FAMINE DISASTER |
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Who was Douglas MacArthur?
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American General; involved in WWII, Korean, and Japanese
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What was Tianamen Square?
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Participants revolted against CCP which led to killing and capture of all those opposed
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What is the Palestine Liberation Organization?
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Arafat (president) succeded by Abbas .The Arab-Israeli conflict brought about a loose union of Palestinian refugee groups opposed to Israel; agreed to Yasir Arafat
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Who is Anwar Sadat?
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President of Egypt; Visited Israel resulted in a dealio where Egypt got back Sinai Penisula and Israel maintained good relations with Egypt
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What is apartheid?
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legalized system of racial segregation enforced by the NP of South Africa
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What about the Ho Chi Minh?
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President of Vietnam was pressured by stubborn communist opposition emerged as the dominant anti-French force
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Who was Nelson Mandela?
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Black lawyer stayed in South Africa to set up an army to oppose gov. ;became President of South Africa
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What about the Gaza Strip/West Bank?
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Over the Egypt occupation;Israel got to keep the Strip; Key Dispute involved ever increasing Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip and the West Bank
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What about the African nationalist Congress?
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Main black National Organization was outlawed but sent some leaders to establish new headquarters
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