History Final

Front 1

Frederick Douglass

Back 1

an ex slave who became a spokesman for abolition and equality

Front 2

Harriet Tubman

Back 2

one for the most famous underground RR conductors

Front 3

Underground Railroad

Back 3

network of people who helped runaway slaves escape to north and start new lives. it included elaborate systems of escape routes and safe houses and took up to 100k slaves from the south between 1810 and 1850

Front 4

Sojourner Truth

Back 4

escaped slavery in the late 1820s and then went on speaking tours across the US in the 1840s and 1850s. she became one of the most admired voices for abolitionism and womens rights

Front 5

Elijah Lovejoy

Back 5

presbyterian minister and newspaper editor that was killed in a pro-slavery mob in Illinois in 1837

Front 6

William Lloyd Garrison

Back 6

started abolitionist newspaper, THE LIBERATOR in 1831 in boston. Helped found the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833.

Front 7

Nat Turner's Rebellion

Back 7

The biggest slave insurrection that happened in Virginia in 1831. Slaves killer slave owner and family. 55 whites killed and 17 slaves eventually were hanged. Caused Virginia to outlaw teaching blacks to read and write.

Front 8

American Colonization Society

Back 8

private group started in 1816 that included philanthropists, ministers, and politicians. The group bought a 36 mile strip of West Africa, hoping Libera would be a haven for free blacks

Front 9

the "positive good" argument

Back 9

argument by John Calhoun that said slavery was a a necessary evil

Front 10

Wade-Davis Bill

Back 10

passed by the radicals in Congress in 1864 this bill said majority of whites in southern states had to take a loyalty oath and required those who would have political roles to swear they'd always been loyal. ex-confederateds were denied voting right. but the bill was vetoed by lincon

Front 11

black codes

Back 11

repressive laws set up in south in early days after the war ended. included limits on land ownership and restrictive labor contracts

Front 12

14th amendment

Back 12

affirms citizenship rights and requires states to provide equal protections of its citizens

Front 13

Hiram Revels

Back 13

first black senator from Mississippi

Front 14

15th amendment

Back 14

gives black men the right to vote

Front 15

enforcement acts

Back 15

passed in 1871 to protect black voters

Front 16

compromise of 1877

Back 16

Rutherford B. Hayes (repub.) becomes president by a special panel in exchange for removing the remaining fed. troops in the south

Front 17

Sherman's march

Back 17

destructive march across Georgia to the port city of Savannah in 1864. orders were given to seize animals, and burn and destroy property

Front 18

Lincoln's 2nd inaugural

Back 18

speech given by Lincoln after Sherman's march increased his support and won him an election. He urged the people to bind up the nation's wounds

Front 19

Lincon's 2nd inaugural

Back 19

"both parties deprecated war; but one of them would rather make war than let the nation survive; and the other would rather accept war than let it perish. and the war came"

Front 20

Appomattox

Back 20

the Virginia court house where Lee and Grant accepted surrender terms on April 9th, 1865

Front 21

Ford's theatre

Back 21

the place where Lincoln was assassinated by John Wilkes Booth

Front 22

Andrew Johnson

Back 22

Lincoln's vice president that took his place in May 1965

Front 23

Civil War reburial reforms

Back 23

the reforms that happened after the civil war to try to ID the dead lost in war, inform family, and rebury the dead

Front 24

Gettysburg

Back 24

Lee leads his Confederate troops to Pennsylvania to attack and find shoes, where they met federal troops. both side got reinforcements. This 3-day battle claimed 50k casualties, making it the costliest of the war. After this battle Lee never attacked in northern territory again

Front 25

Pickett's charge

Back 25

George Pickett led 15k Confed. troops to march toward union line and more than half were killed or wounded in 50 minutes causing the confederates to retreat

Front 26

Vicksburg

Back 26

Union forces were led by Grant to siege confed. forces in western Mississippi with the goal to gain control of the Missi. river. The 6-week siege ended with confed. surrender and helped redeem Grant

Front 27

Gettysburg adress

Back 27

Lincoln's 2-minute speech at dedication of national cemetery for union soldiers

Front 28

John Sutter

Back 28

swiss immigrant who finds gold at his saw mill nine days before the treaty of Guadeloupe makes California a US territory

Front 29

James Marshall

Back 29

John Sutter's construction foreman that finds gold

Front 30

Samuel Brannan

Back 30

a Mormon traveler that shower of a bottle of god dust in San Fransisco, which causes the gold rush to be taken more seriously. He eventually went into business selling gold mining tools

Front 31

Philip Armour

Back 31

a NY butcher who opened a meat market in Cali during the gold rush, took the profits and moved back east

Front 32

Henry Wells and William Fargo

Back 32

businessmen who offered banking, transportation and mail delivery services in California during the gold rush

Front 33

John Studebaker

Back 33

wheelbarrow maker who took his profits from the cali gold rush and put them into his family's covered-wagon business, a company that in the 20th century made automobiles

Front 34

Charles Crocker

Back 34

railroad board member who recruited chinese workers from the transcontinental railroad in Cali

Front 35

Levi Strauss

Back 35

German tailor that came to Cali to make durable denim work pants

Front 36

Mark Twain

Back 36

celebrated writer and humorist who's tales from experiences mining in Nevada and traveling in california became huge successes

Front 37

Taylor's Plan

Back 37

said no one disputes that a state can decide whether to have slavery and to skip territorial phases for NM and CA and make them states right away. Very unpopular in the south because it didnt address TX-NM border disputes, interstate trade, or fugitive slave laws

Front 38

Compromise of 1850

Back 38

written by Henry Clay called for CA to be free, TX would yield to claim NM in return for cash, popular sovereignty for NM and Utah, tougher fugitive slave law, abolish slave trade in DC, and deny congress the right to ban interstate slave trade

Front 39

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 39

introduced by Stephen Douglas to organize Kansas and Nebraska territories. It repealed the MO compromise, including the ban on slavery in northern territories and applied popular sovereignty to KS and Nebraska

Front 40

Bleeding Kansas

Back 40

crisis over slavery in KS that involved free states forming separate gov. and pro-slavery forces attacking anti-slavery HQ in Lawrence and destroying the town

Front 41

Charles Summer

Back 41

the senator that was almost beaten to death with a cane on the senator for for being anti-slavery by a cousin of a SC senator

Front 42

Dred Scott

Back 42

a slave who was taken into free territory only to be brought back by his master. later he sued but supreme court ruled against him by saying slaves had no rights and any law that said otherwise was illegal

Front 43

Lecompton

Back 43

town in KS where constitution was drafted to allow slavery, the free-staters alleged fraud and didn't vote so the constitution passed

Front 44

John Brown

Back 44

radical abolisitionist that killed pro-slavery men with his son during bleeding KS. planned harpers ferry. During standoff at Harpers ferry he was captured and hanged

Front 45

Harpers Ferry

Back 45

plan by john brown to seize a federal arsenal in Virginia to arm slaves because he thought it would lead to a slave insurrection.

Front 46

election of 1860

Back 46

democratic party splits on slave issues. Northern Dem. pick Stephen Douglass, bc he wouldn't interfere with slavery, southern dem. pick JOhn Breckenridge and republicans picked Lincoln

Front 47

Fort Sumpter

Back 47

after lincoln sends supplies to a fort, the confederates demand the union surrender it and open fire. this causes union mj. robert anderson surrenders, lincoln issues a war proclamation, blocks southern ports, and the remaining southern states succeed

Front 48

Anaconda Strategy

Back 48

union relies this plan created by gen. winfield scott to protect d.c, pressure richmond, naval blockade of south, and use main water routes to invade south

Front 49

Shiloh

Back 49

Site of battle in SW Tennessee which causalities exceeded those of all previous american wars combined. South commander, Albert Sidney Johnson died and U. Grant was relieved of command

Front 50

Peninsular campaign

Back 50

a campaign led by McClellan in Richmond, VA where he hesitated

Front 51

Battle of Antietam

Back 51

Lee planned to fight on Northern territory. Southerners pleaded the Brits to aid, but they didn't and union troops one. McClellan let confed. troops retreat without following and lincoln removed him from command

Front 52

Stonewall Jackson

Back 52

confed. general who earned his nickname during the battle of bullrun for standing fearlessly against union fire. during the battle of Chancellorsville his own men killed him

Front 53

Albert Sidney Johnston

Back 53

Confederate general killed at Shiloh

Front 54

Nathan Bedford Forrest

Back 54

general in confed. army and KKK member

Front 55

James Longstreet

Back 55

confed. general who was controversial for his actions in Gettysburg and picket's charge

Front 56

13th Amendment

Back 56

freed all slaves in the US

Front 57

Comstock Lode

Back 57

silver rush started here

Front 58

Battles of Bullrun

Back 58

first land engagement of the civil war. took place in 1861 at Manassas Junction, VA. Confed. surprised Union troops and forced them to retreat. One year later Confed. captured the fed. supply depot and forced union troops back to washington

Front 59

radical republicans

Back 59

Senators and congressmen who, strictly identifying the Civil War with the abolitionist cause, sought swift emancipation of the slaves, punishment of the rebels, and tight controls over the former Confederate states after the war.