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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atlantic System
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Triangular Trade , Europe formed worldwide links
Helped Europeans expand trade |
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Plantation Economy
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Large tracks of land where staple crops were produced (center of economy)
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Population Growth
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Colonization, fueled economic growth/ demand for goods
Before population was largely flat (birthrate high, deathrate high) 18th century (deathrate down, warfare down) Improvements in agriculutre |
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Agricultural Innovation
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more products due to the increase in population and in trade
Periodic famine is conquered (fertilizer, new foods from New World (potatoes), new land) Farming for profits |
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Consumer Revolution
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Trade/population growth/ efficient farming = high supply of food
Disposable income for luxuries/commodities to be apart of daily life 'buying something became fashionable' |
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JS Bach
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famous composer and musician (1685-1750)
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Leipzig
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Bach wrote for an audience in Leipzig (young woman in love with coffee--secretly vows to not marry if he won't let her drink)
Popular amongst coffee houses |
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Elite Culture
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shaped by and formed by nobles (set the tone for culture)
Drew status from the land they own "I'm idle, therefore I am" |
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Popular Culture
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set in villages and peasant households
collective and public- set around festivals (carnaval) |
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Enclosure
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Landlords consildating and taking over common lands for own purposes-- peasants become tenant farmers (more food, more value)
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Guilds
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groups of specialized workers who have a monopoly on a certain trade--organize a production of a product
most common = textile ex. Universities, actors, etc |
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Cottage Industry "putting out" system
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Households as manufactorers-- cheap production at home, no machines or factories
Economy takes off |
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"Middling" culture Bourgeoisie
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town dweller, burgher, contemptable position (if noble)--COMMON (not peasant)
Grows steadily in the 18th century commerce/trade/gov't Middle= supply others with services and products ex. Daily newspapers (growth of the novel), lending libraries, new sexual patterns (sentamental marriages) |
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Montesquieu, Persian Letters
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Novel depicted 18th century Persia, compares and contrast European culture to middle eastern culture
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1784 Kant what is enlightenment
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simply the courage to wake up, leave intellectual adolescence, and think for oneself
doesnt question revolutionary behavior but encourages revolutionary thought |
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Scientific Revolution
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1. Tendency towards questioning
authority and new methods 2. New confidence that world is intelligible 3. Humans malleable |
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1734 Voltaire, Philosphical letters on the English Nation
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English government and economy = best. Free enterprise and free nation
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philosophe
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(not formal philosophers or scientist) saw themselves as thinkers and critics that lived in middle of society that devoted lives to thinking about questions/problems/nature of society
PRATICAL PROBLEMS (not abstract thinkers) |
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Frederick the Great (1740-86) Prussia
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Brings voltaire to court and uses more English language, talks about trying to make subjects happier
First "Servant of the people" 1. frees serf from royal control 2. royals cannot punish serfs 3. removes capital punishment 4. exams to enter bureacracy 5. support new industries and agricultural techniques 6. freedom of worship to catholics interested in making Prussia more effiecint and modern (increase centralization) reinforce division between state and royals, policies toward avoiding social chaos, strong state with education, populate who can help nationally |
