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108 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Pepin's son, defeated the Moors at the battle of Tours; aka the Hammer
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Charles Martel
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defeated the Lombards in Italy
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Pepin the Short
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Known as Charles the Great, he was the first Holy Roman Emberor
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Charlemagne
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Pope who believed he was the ultimate authority for religious and political power
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Innocent II
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Led an invasion of England in 1066 AD
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William the Conquer
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three church offices that people coudl hold in order of most powerful to least
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Pope, Cardinal, Bishop
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political structure that evolved in Europe
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feudalism
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person who recieved land in return for servides
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vassal
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grant of land a vassal recieved
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fief
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large estate that included the manor house, pastures, fields, and a village
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manor
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peasants who were bound to the land
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serfs
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a code of conduct for knights
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chivalry
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special ceremonies at which the participants recieved the direct favor of God
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sacraments
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most important members of the curia
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cardinals
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pope's group of councelors
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curia
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elected head of a monastery
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abbot
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way of life for monks and nuns
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monasticism
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the church's own code of law
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canon law
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the shutting down of church services in one area
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interdict
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1/10 of a person's income
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tithe
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practice of paying to assume high positions in the church
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simony
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a search where anyone suspected of heresy could be tried in secret and tourtured
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Inquisition
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governmental districts of Anglo-Saxons
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shires
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document that protected the liberties of the nobles
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Magna Carta
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type of law based on judges' decisions
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common law
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pope who called for the crusades
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Pope Urban II
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the expeditions to regain the Holy Land
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Crusades
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powerful Muslim leader
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Salah al-Din
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economy where goods and servides are exchanged for other goods and services without the use of money
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barter economy
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manufacturing took place in worker's homes
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domestic system
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charging of intrest on loans
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usury
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economy in which land labor and capital are controlled by individuals
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market economy
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wealth earned saved and invested to produce profits
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capital
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an association of craftsmen who gained a monopoly
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merchant guild
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skilled workers who were engaged in manufacturing
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craft guild
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first step in learning a trade; worked for no money
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apprentice
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a skilled artisan who worked for a master for daily wages
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journeyman
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everyday speech
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vernacular language
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traveling singers
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troubadors
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born in Florence; wrote The Divine Comedy
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Dante
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born in England; wrote The Canterbury Tales
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Chaucer
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the attempt of medieval philosophers to reconcile Christian faith with Aritotle's pilosophy
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scholasticism
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wrote Sic et Non
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Abelard
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wrote Summa Theologiae
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Aquinas
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the feeling of loyalty to a country as a whole
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patriotism
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representative assembly of France
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Estates General
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16 year old peasant girl; led France into war; was burned on the stake
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Joan of Arc
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two families who faught in the war of the roses
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York and Lancaster
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King and Queen of Spain; sent Columbus on his way to America
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Ferdinand and Isabella
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pope who declared his own supremacy over temporal rulers and said the clergy didnt have to pay taxes
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Pope Boniface VIII
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period of Hebrew exile in Babylon
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Babylonian Captivity
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a division into hostile groups
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Great Schism
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a sect of Buddhism
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Zen
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worlds first printed book
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Diamond Sutra
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fiercest nomadic leader of all time; a Mongol
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Genghis Khan
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Genghis Khan's son
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Kublai Khan
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name Europeans game Mongolian forces
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Golden Horde
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Venetian merchant who opened trade for China
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Marco Polo
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worlds first novel
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The Tale of Ginji
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army general; had most power; kinda controlled the emporrer
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shogun
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warriors hired by landlords
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samurai
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"way of the warrior"
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Bushido
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ceremonial suicide
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seppuku
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local lords in China
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daimyo
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scholars who study languages
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linguists
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relatively dry grasslands
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savannas
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vast forests with more than 100 in of yearly rain
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tropical rain forest
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thick growth of plants
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jungle
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poems songs or stories passed by word of mouth
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oral traditions
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people trace their ancestors and inherit property through their mothers
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matrilineal
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sun dried brick used to make houses
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adobe
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con-shaped tents
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teepees
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culture that lives in southwestern US; live in adobe houses
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Pueblo people
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famous mound builders
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Hopewell cultures
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most advanced culture of the Americas; had their calendar; produced food efficiently
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maya culture
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built huge stone heads
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Olmec people
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a people who introduced gold and silver working
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Toltec
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strongest people of central Mexico
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Aztec
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"children of the sun"
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INca
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raised fields formed from mud scoped up from the bottom of shallow lakes
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chinampas
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a kind of knotted string used to assist the memory
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quipu
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people who specialized in the humanities
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humanists
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wrote The Prince
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Machiavelli
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lifelike technique of painting
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perspective
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painted the Last Supper and Mona Lisa
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da Vinci
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painted the Sistine Chapel
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Michelangelo
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invented the printing press
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Gutenberg
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famous playwright
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Shakespear
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religious revolution which split the church
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Reformation
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pardons from punishment for sin
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indulgences
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posted the 95 thesis; monk who was upset with the Church
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Martin Luther
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statements about indlugences
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95 thesis
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gbelief that God had decided at the beginning of time who would be saved
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predestination
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formed the theory of predestination
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John Calvin
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founded the Jesuits
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Ignatius de Loyola
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a major reform effort by the Catholic Church
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Counter-Reformation
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council that defined official church doctrine
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Council of Trent
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predictions about weather and prospects for growing crops
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almanacs
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single printed sheets
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broadsides
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measure of the quality of life
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standard of living
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a rise in prices for goods
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inflation
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the transformation of thinking as a result of a new system of investigation
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Scientific REvolution
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theory that the earth was the center of the universe
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geocentric theory
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theory that the sun is the center of the universe
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heliocentric theory
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Polish scientist who developed the heliocentric theory
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Copernicus
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method of inquiry that includes carefully conducted experiments and mathematical calculations
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scientific method
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astronomer who further proved the earth revolves around the sun
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galileo galilei
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formed the law of gravity and motion
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Isaac Newton
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