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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What did the the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedoms do? |
It was an early expression of the basic principle of separation of church and state? |
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What is the definition of ratification? |
official approval |
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What 2 major things lead to an economic depression? (ex: post-Revolutionary War) |
minimal trade activity and growing unemployment |
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What did states due to contribute to rising inflation after the revolution? |
they printed an excess of money |
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What was one effect of Shay's Rebellion? |
It made more americans call for a stronger central government |
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What was the congressional plan under the New Jersey Plan? |
A unicameral legislature, with each state having an equal voice |
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What keeps one branch from becoming too powerful? |
checks and balances |
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What did Antifederalists dislike about the government? |
they felt it had too much power |
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What did Federalists like about the Constitution? |
they liked the balance of power it gave to the branches |
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What was the Bill of Right's purpose? |
to protect citizen's rights in the Constituion |
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What was a federal system aka federalism designed for? |
to share power between states and a central government |
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What are some shared powers aka concurrent powers by the states and federal government? |
taxing, borrowing money, and enforcing laws |
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Who makes our laws? |
Congress |
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Why did the framers of the constiution create a bicameral congresss? |
so they could keep each other in check |
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Why is majority rule used? |
so the greatest number of people in society make policy decison |
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Why do citizens have the right to petition? |
to show the government their dissatisfaction |
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What is one responsibility of all citizens? |
to serve on the jury |
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Why did americans have high expectations for the new government after 1790? |
the constitution had been created |
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What is national debt? |
money owed to foreign countries and nation's citizens |
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What was Alexander Hamilton's plan to reduce debt? |
tax domestic goods and put tariffs on foreign goods |
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What are tariffs? |
tax put on foreign goods to protect domestic products from competition |
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What was Alexander Hamilton's view of the constitution? |
loose construction |
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What was Jefferson's view of the Constitution? |
strict construction |
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What was Jefferson's and Madison's problem with a national bank? |
they believed it was unconstitutional
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Why did some disagree with Washington's Neutrality Proclamation (ignoring that they wanted to go to war)? |
they felt it was overstepping his executive powers |
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What was the main threat faced by americans in the northwest territory? |
british supplied native Americans |
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what led to the whiskey rebellion? |
farmers inability to afford the tax on whiskey |
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What did Washington warn in his Farewell Address? |
pushing debt onto future generations and lacking political unity |
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What was different about the election of 1796? |
there were mutiple candidates |
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What challenge did John Adams face? |
he was following george washington |
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What was the problem with the Alien and Sedition Acts? |
it gave the government too much power and stifled citizen's first amendment rights |
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What was the major themem of Jefferson's inaugural address? |
protecting civil liberties |
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What did Jefferson do to repay debt? |
he lowered government spending to the navy considerably |
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What was the issue with Jefferson's plan to repay debt? |
it weakened trade due to our lowered size in navy |
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What power of the Judicial Branch was granted during the Marbury v. Madison case? |
judicial review |
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What is judicial review? |
The Supreme's court power to check the other branches |
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What did the annexation of four northeastern states to the Union due? |
it lead to an increased importance for new orleans |
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What did the Louisiana Purchase do for America? |
it doubled the size of the usa |
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What prompted the Lewis and Clark expedition? |
the Louisiana Purchase |
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What was the purpose of the Lewis and Clark expedition? |
to find a river route to the Pacific ocean |
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Why did the US and British Canada want the oregon country? |
the fur trade |
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What did the convention of 1818 do? |
It set the border between the US and Canada west to the Rocky Moutains |
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Why was James Monroe worried after mexican independence? |
he feared that european country countries would try and take over newly independent latin american countries |
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What did James Monroe do in response to his fear of European countries overtaking newly independent latin american countries? |
he published the monroe doctrine |
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What did the monroe doctrine? |
he prevented the us from interfering in any future conflicts between european countries |
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How were voting rights expanded in the 1820's? |
it was expanded to more white males |
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What was the spoils system? |
a reward system that gave supporters government jobs |
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Why didn't Northerners not like cheap land prices in the west? |
they feared it would attract potential factory workers to leave and migrate west |
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Due to his disagreements with Andrew Jackson on nullfication, what did his VP John C. Calhoun do? |
he resigned |
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How did Jackson ruin the economy? |
he moved the national bank funds to state banks |
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Who benefited most from the Indian Removal Act of 1830? |
farmers |
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Why did farmers benefit from the Indian Removal Act of 1830? |
it cleared up millions of acres of land to farm upon |
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What was different about the Cherokee's resistance to the Indian Removal Act of 1830? |
they took it to court instead of physical fighting |
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What was the result of the Cherokee's legal case, Worcester v. Georgia, against the removal act? |
it was deemed that georgia had no legal right to move them, however they were still forced to make a 800 mile march (Trail of Tears) |
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How did Sam Houston's Texans gain a victory against the Mexican Army? |
they took them by surprise after the alamo |
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Why did Jackson refuse to annex texas? |
because there was not a free state ready yet to be admitted at the time |
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What is manifest destiny? |
the obvious fate that all of usa shall take the america east to west |
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How was slavery tied to manifest destiny? |
they didn't know if slavery should exist in the new territories? |
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What led to the Californian statehood? |
the gold rush |
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How did the transcontinental railroad help the economy? |
it connected the economies of the east to the state of california |
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How did factories keep costs low in the mills? |
they hired kids |
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What two new forms of transportation became important in the early 1800's? |
steam train and steamboat |
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What did Gibbons v. Ogden establish? |
that federal license for trade had priority over state license |
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Due to their speed, how did trains help farmers settle the midwest? |
it allowed crops to be shipped to more populace, more spendful areas of the country |
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Where was most of America's industry in the early 1800s |
the northeast |
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What positive effects did the mass production of goods have? |
it led families to be able to buy products they normally couldn't buy, leading to a higher quality of life |
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Due to the lack of good roads in the South, how did the south transport cotton? |
ships in the river |
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How far did the cotton belt stretch? |
from south carolina to texas |
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What were some free black people in the south? (hint: where) |
they were descendents of refugees from the haitian revolution |
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Why were rights of freed slaves limited? |
southerners feared slave rebellions |
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What were slave codes? |
strict state laws that controlled the actions of slaves |
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How did enslaved parents teach their children culture? |
folktales |
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What were the effect on slave codes after the Nat Turner's rebellion in 1831? |
they bcame tougher and southerners refused to discuss slavery in public |
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What was the Second Great Awakening? |
a Christian renewal in the early 1800s |
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What was the common-school movement? |
a belief spread that all children should be educated in the same place regardless of backgroun |
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How did Harriet Tubman assist the Underground Railroad efforts? |
she helped many fugititve slaves to freedom |
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Why was the Fugitive Slave Act unpopular with northerners? |
they felt it gave commissioners too much power and they didn't like the use of jury trials. also they were horrified that free black people were being captured and sent to the south |
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What did Harriet Beecher Stowe do for the abolitionist movement? |
she wrote "Uncle Tom's Cabin" which exposed the harsh reality of slavery |
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What did Chief Justice Taney argue in the Dred Scott case? |
that slaves weren't citizens of the US |
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What did Lincoln accuse democrats wanting in the Lincoln-Douglass debates? |
of wanting to spread slavery to the West |
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What did did John Brown do in 1859 to help the abolitionist movement? |
he attempted to steal weapons and bring them to local slaves to resist |
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What was the result of the John Brown plan? |
most southerners feared more northern attacks |
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Why did the South secede? |
they feared the southern way of life would be destroyed |
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What did Lincoln promise when he was elected in 1860? |
not to start a war with the south |
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What did both confederate and union armies rely on early on? |
volunteers |
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What happened after the second Battle of Bull Run? |
the Union was forced to retreat |
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What made southern warships so powerful that they ended the use of wooden warships powered by sail and wind? |
they had thick metal plating |
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What did the Siege of Vicksburg do for the Union? |
it gave them control of the Mississippi River |
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What slaves did the Emancipation Proclaimation free? |
Confederate but not border state slaves |
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What happened to black soldiers if captured? |
they were killed or forced into slavery |
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How did women assist in the war effort? |
they provided medical care for the injured |
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Why was McClellan replaced by General Burnside for the attack on Fredericksburg? |
he was to hesitant and had high inactivity |
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What themes did Lincoln's Gettysburg Address emphasize? |
liberty, equality, and democracy |
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What convinced Northern voters that the Union was making progress in the war? |
the Union capture of Atlanta |
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How did life change for black people in the South after the civil war? |
they were free |
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How was the South's economy after the war? |
bad |
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Why was the South's economy bad? |
many homes and businesses were destroyed, making jobs scarce |
