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134 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what characterized western europe by the year 1200?
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renewed vitality and flexing its military muscles
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what is a schism in a church?
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a break between churches over church docterine
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why is charlemagne remembered?
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first holy roman emperor & improved empire
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how did the byzantines difffer from their western counterparts?
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king was in the byzantine and the pope was in western europe
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what were the byzantine cultural achievments?
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cyrillic writing system architects alphabets and law code
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what transformation occurred in western europe after the fall of the roman empire
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divided the kingdoms
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what happened politically to the western roman empire after the fall of rome in the 5th century
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no education
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what was the primary center of agricultural production in the western europe during this time
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manors
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why is this the traditional decription of europe from 300-1200 as "feudal" an oversimplication
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relationship b/w landowners and serfs hardly resembled a system
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what is a feudum or fief
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land awarded for military service
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what is the investiture controversy
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the struggle b/w the church and laylord to control ecclesiatieal appts.
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what challendes did the roman catholic church face after the tenth century
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investiture controversy
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what were the responsibilities/services provided by monasteries and convents during this period
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schools, shelter, care for old
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what was the most important impact of monasticism
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preserved literature and learning
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what characterized the relations between western europe and the muslims prior to the crusades
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fighting b/w the christians and the muslims
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what were europeans exposed to as a result of the crusades
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muslim culture..pasta, paper, sugar, and colored glass
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what were the first areas conquered by the mongols under genghis khan
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nothwestern china, beijing, and central asia
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how did marco polo's narratives affect the europeans
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stimulated ambition to find easier trade routes
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what were the effects of the mongol expansion
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daeth by bubonic plague and expanded trade routes
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what city became russias dominant political center under the mongols
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moscow
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who overthrew mogol rule in russia
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ivan3
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who made up mongol armies
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mongols, turks, chinese, and iranians
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what groups status was elevated by the mongols
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merchant and doctors
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in what areas did the mongols encourage the sharing and exchange of ideas
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astronomy and medical texts
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genose mariner who went 4 voyages found new world
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christopher columbus
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conquerors
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conquistadors
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ferdinand magellan
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completed columbus' interrupted voyage; sailed aroud the americans and across the pacific
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who were the greatest mariners in the atlantic in the early middle ages
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vikings
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which two nations began a maritime revolution that profoundly altered the course of world history
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portugal and spain
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what were the primary motives that led to iberian overseas expansion
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expand contacts and increase dominance
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why is prince henry known as henry the navigator
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devoted his life to exploring the south atlantic
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who controlled the sources of slaves in west africa
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african kings
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whay was the malacca important to the portuguese
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explored straits
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what was the result of portuguese domination of the indian trade route
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profit
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what was the dif b/w the spanish and the portuguese empure
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spanish-vast and territorial
portuguese- trading |
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martin luther
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reformer
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ignatius loyola
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spanish nobleman
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what did sugar plantations in the west indies need in order to expand
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more slaves
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how did the sugar plantations effect the environment
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soil exhaustion and deforestation
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what happneded to the arawak and carib as a result of european colonization
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wiped out by abuse and disease
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why did men outnumber woman on caribbean plantations
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boats brought over twice as many men
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what was the major cause of death for slaves
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unfamilar diseases
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where was the great stock market of the 17th and 18th century
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amsterdam
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what is mercantilism
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polocies that promote citizens oversea trade and support capitalization
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what was the purpose of the english navigation acts
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confined trade with caravans to english share
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what is the atlantic circuit
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clockwise network of sea routes out heart of the trading system
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why was morality high on slave ships
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attempts to escape pschological depression and ill treatments
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what did the africans receive for the slaves they traded with the europeans
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rum
firearms textiles |
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what was the source of most slaves taken from africa
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pow
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what were most household slaves in the islamic world
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concubines and servents
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who could not be enslaved in the islamic world
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muslims
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which area gained the most wealth as a result of the slave trade
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europe
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what did the colonial wars of the 18th century
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france and britains money problems
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what was the enlightenment
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applied methods of science to everyday life
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what did john locke favor
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governments are for the people
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what radical idea about gov did rousseau propose
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needs consent of the goverend
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what role did women play in the dissemination of enlightenment ideas
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purchased and discussed books
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what 2 related problems did the birtish face after defeating the french in 1763
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limited settlement on indian lands and imposing taxes
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what evet occurred in 1770 that radicalizes public opinion in the american colonies
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boston masscare
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why was the battle of saratoga crucial
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convinced france to join
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what happened in yorktown
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surrendered to george washington
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why is the constitutional convention on 1787 called the second american revolution
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created a new gov
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what characterized the french revolution
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no longer a representative democracy
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what happened during the reign of terror
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made new calender without any sundays
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what happened to louis xvi as a result of the french revolution
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beheaded
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what were the contribution factors to the financial crisis that triggered the french revolution
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failure to collect taxes from nobility and clergymen
cost of three wars |
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why did napoleon become europes first popular dictator
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brought order to the chaos
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how did napoleon win the support of the peasantry and middle class
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equality in law protection and property
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what led to napoleons decline
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invaded russia retardedly
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where was napoleons final defeat
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waterloo
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why did saint domigue erupt in revolt
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turmoil in france
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why is toussaint l'ouverature famous
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leader of the rebellious slaves
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what was the main objective of the congress if vienna
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restore french monarchy and their borders
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what inspired widespread revolutions across europe in 1848
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desire for democratic reforms and national self determination
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why did population grow priot to the industrial revolution
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widespread disease and more dependable food
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what were the results of the agricultural revolution
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rich-enclosed land
poor-lost land |
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what new forms of energy were important for industrialization
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steam engine and electricity
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what is division of labor in manufacturing
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divide work specialized and repetative tasks
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what new inventions were developed to weave cotton textiles
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spinning jenny and waterframe
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what did james watt develop
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steam engine
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what inventions revolutionized communication during the indistrial revolution
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telegraph
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what profound impact did instrustrialization have on the world
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north america became powerful
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how did industrial work impact the family
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family seperated; work not in home
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why was factory work a complete transformation from agricultural work
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more accidents; boring; little job satisfaction
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single women and married women did factory work for different reasons..what?
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single women did it for aliving
married did it when their husbands cudnt support their family |
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what ist he cult of domesticity
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middleclass women ran home and children
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what does adam smith propose in the wealth of nations
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business shud control business gov should not
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how did workers resist harsh treatment
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change jobs; riots; strikes; absent on mondays; poor work
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how did industrialization change the relationship b/w western europe and the non western world?
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based on western dominance
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what happened during the industrial revolution
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populations increase; industrial countries take over
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what does laissez-faire economics support
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a bussiness rnning itself with little interference
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what was the first major manufacturing industry
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textiles
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what does a country need in order to industrialize
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land labor capital
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what characterized imperialism of the 1800s
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rivalry among nations
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what was the name of the group that sonspired to assassinate archduke francis ferdinand
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black hand
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what characterized the western from in ww1
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trench warfare
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who were the central power nations in ww1
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germany austria hungary bulgarian and the ottoman empire
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what is total war
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all resources devoted to war
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why did the united states join the allies in fighting ww1
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restricted submarines
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what were the immediate causes of ww1
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assassination of francis ferdinand
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what were the results of ww1
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allies win germany signs treaty germanany invasions of belgium blank check for austria
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what did the 1918 treaty of brest provide
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russian withdrawl of ww1
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what was the main purpose of the league of nations
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establish and maintain peace
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why were europes new democracies after ww1 unstable
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inflation warcosts loss of manpower inexperiened in rule and gov formed coalition gov
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what did the roosevelt corollary state
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US had the right to interlead countries
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what event began the worldwide depression in the 1930s
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1929 stock market crash
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why did ww2 begin
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germany invades poland
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what is appeasement
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avoids wars
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what characterizes a totalitarian government
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state controls everything
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what was the kristallnacht
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nazi rampage
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what does fascism glorify
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state
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what factors lead to many germans to accept hitler and the nazis
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believed hitler ended germanys depression
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what were the nuremberg laws
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jews lot citizenship
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what is genocide
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ethnic cleansing
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what characterized the attitude of many americans toward other countries in the 1920s
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isolation
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what was the immediate cause for the US entry into ww2
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japanese attack on pearl harbor
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what was the citical new naval weapon of the pacific war during ww1
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aircraft carrier
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what was the holocaust
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killing of jews by hitler
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why did the american president order the use of the atomic bomb on japan
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no invading japan
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established colonies
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imperialism
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leads large standing army
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militarism
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repays for the wars
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reparations
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controlled by the league of nations
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mandate
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german nazi leader
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hitler
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won spanish civil war
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francisco franco
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russian communist revolution
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lenin
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facist leader of italy
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benito mussolini
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leader of chinese connumist party
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mao zedong
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british prime minister in ww2
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winston churchill
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leader of free french forces
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charles de gualle
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commander US president
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dwight d eisenhower
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dictator of russia after lenin
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stalin
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ordered use of the atom bomb
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harry truman
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leader of the indian indepedence movement
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mohandas gandhi
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