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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
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The trail of tears |
The route along which the United States government forced several tribes of Native Americans, including the Cherokees, Seminoles, Chickasaws, Choctaws, and Creeks, to migrate to reservations west of the Mississippi River in the 1820s, 1830s, and 1840s
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Worcester v Georgia |
It was a case in which the United States Supreme Court chose the conviction of Samuel Worcester and held that the Georgia criminal statute that prohibited non-Native Americans from being present on Native American lands without a license from the state was unconstitutional.
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Indian removal act |
Signed into law in 1830 by President Andrew Jackson, the Indian Removal Act provided for the general resettlement of Native Americans from east of the Mississippi River to lands west
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Pioneer
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A person who is among the first to explore or settle a new country or area |
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Erie Canal |
It is a canal in New York State, United States, that runs from the Hudson River to Lake Erie, connecting the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean It cut transport costs into what was then wilderness by about 90%. The Canal resulted in a massive population surge in western New York, and opened regions further west to increased settlement |
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Robert Fulton |
He was an American engineer and inventor who is widely credited with developing a commercially successful steamboat called The North River Steamboat of Clermont |
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Turnpike |
The turnpike was a privately funded, toll-based public road which was constructed in the early nineteenth century to facilitate commerce. This is significant in that it developed national economy by creating faster and efficient transportation
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Reason for the "cotton boom" in the south |
The cotton gin Factory system High price of cotton on the international market |
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Early industrialization of the 1800's |
Factories in the us made it easier to produce cheep and fast products |
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Market economy |
An economic system in which economic decisions and the pricing of goods and services are guided solely by the aggregate interactions of a country's individual citizens and businesses |
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Factory system |
A method of manufacturing using machinery and division of labor |
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The market and equality: She said, he said |
Frances Wright said that equality secures liberty and Alexis de Tocqueville said equality promotes anxiety |
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Panic of 1819 |
The Panic of 1819 was the first major financial crisis in the United States. It featured widespread foreclosures, bank failures, unemployment, and a slump in agriculture and manufacturing. It marked the end of the economic expansion that had followed the War of 1812. |
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Lowell, Massachusetts |
The location of most factories in the US |
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Transcontinental treaty |
aka the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819; settled a border dispute in North America between the US and Spain; treaty was a result of increasing tension between the US and Spain regarding territorial rights at a time of weakened Spanish power; the treaty ceded Florida to the US, settled a boundary dispute along the Sabine River, and firmly established the boundary of the US territory and claims through the Rocky Mountains and west to the Pacific Ocean in exchange for the US paying residents' claims against the Spanish government up to a total of $5 million and relinquishing its own claims on parts of Texas west of the Sabine River and other Spanish areas under the terms of the Louisiana Purchase.
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The Missouri compromise |
1820, The issue was that Missouri wanted to join the Union as a slave state, therefore unbalancing the Union so there would be more slave states then free states. The compromise set it up so that Maine joined as a free state and Missouri joined as a slave state. Congress also made a line across the southern border of Missouri saying except for the state of Missouri, all states north of that line must be free states or states without slavery. |
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Anglo american accords |
Series of agreements reached in the British-American Convention of 1818 that fixed the western boundary between the US and Canada at the 49th Parallel, allowed for the joint occupation of the Oregon Country, and restored American fishing rights off the coast of Newfoundland |
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The Marshall court |
The Supreme Court under Chief Justice John Marshall, which contributed to the growth of judicial review and supported federal power. |
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McCulloch Vs. Maryland |
Strengthened federal authority and upheld the constitutionality of the bank of the United States by establishing that the state of Maryland did not have the power to tax the bank. |
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Gibbons Vs. Ogden |
Suit over whether New York could grant a monopoly to a ferry operating on interstate waters. The ruling reasserted that congress had the sole power to regulate interstate commerce. |
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The Monroe doctrine |
A statement of foreign policy which proclaimed that Europe should not interfere in affairs within the United States or in the development of other countries in the Western Hemisphere. |
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Jacksonian Democracy |
The idea of spreading political power to the people and ensuring majority rule as well as supporting the "common man" |
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Martin Van Buren |
created the system of party government. claimed that political parties were necessary to "check" the government from abusing its power. created the first political machine. denounced the American System and opposed the Whigs. (Jackson's sucessor)
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Henry Clay |
Clay was a Political Scientist during the 1820's. He was also a Congressman from Kentucky. He developed the American System which US adopted after the War of 1812. The American System created a protective tariff to American Markets. It also used the tariff to build road and canal for better transportation.
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The election of 1824 |
No one won a majority of electoral votes, so the House of Representatives had to decide among Adams, Jackson, and Clay. Clay dropped out and urged his supporters in the House to throw their votes behind Adams. Jackson and his followers were furious and accused Adams and Clay of a "corrupt bargain."
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The election of 1828 |
Was not focused on issues but the personalities of the candidates, the first election under the second party system and a big leap in voters. Adams (Nat. Republican) vs. Jackson (Democrats)- wins the election easily with Calhoun as vp.
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The spoils system |
The spoils system was a method of appointing officials to the government of the United States of America based on political connections rather than on impersonal measures of merit. The name was derived from the phrase "to the victor go the spoils".
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The kitchen cabinet |
Jackson's group of unofficial advisers consisting of newspaper editors and Democratic leaders that met to discuss current issues. Jackson used the Kitchen Cabinet more than his official Cabinet.
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The nullification crisis |
showdown between President Andrew Jackson and the South Carolina legislature, which declared the 1832 tariff null and void in the state and threatened secession if the federal government tried to collect duties. It was resolved by a compromise negotiated by Henry Clay in 1833.
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John C. Calhoun |
Vice President under Andrew Jackson; leading Southern politician; began his political career as a nationalist and an advocate of protective tariffs, later he becomes an advocate of free trade, states' rights, limited government, and nullification.
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The bank war |
Jackson vs. Bank & Biddle; Jackson begins taking out funds and putting them into pet banks, successfully "killing" the bank; leads to fluctuation in economy and eventual panic; Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks"
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The election of 1832 |
Main issue was Jackson's determination to kill the national bank. Henry Clay (Nat. Republican) vs. Jackson (Dem.)- won easily
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The whig party |
The Whigs were originally colonists supporting independence. In the mid 1830s, the Whig Party opposed Jackson's strong-armed leadership style and policies. The Whigs promoted protective tariffs, federal funding for internal improvements, and other measures that strengthened the central government.
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The log cabin campaign |
name given to William Henry Harrison's campaign for the presidency in 1840, from the Whigs' use of a log cabin as their symbol/ famous for the use of mudslinging- the use of insults to attack an opponents reputation |
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The panic of 1837 |
When Jackson was president, many state banks received government money that had been withdrawn from the Bank of the U.S. These banks issued paper money and financed wild speculation, especially in federal lands. Jackson issued the Specie Circular to force the payment for federal lands with gold or silver. Many state banks collapsed as a result. A panic ensued (1837). Bank of the U.S. failed, cotton prices fell, businesses went bankrupt, and there was widespread unemployment and distress. It was short-lived and reduced the pressure on the economy
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Revivalism |
In a Christian context generally refers to a specific period of spiritual renewal in the life of the Church. While elements such as mass conversions and perceived beneficial effects on the moral climate of a given
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Pleas for and against the foreign missions |
Gardiner Springs supported foreign missions while an anonymous author did not share his views |
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The second great awakening |
A series of religious revivals starting in 1801, based on Methodism and Baptism. Stressed a religious philosophy of salvation through good deeds and tolerance for all Protestant sects. The revivals attracted women, Blacks, and Native Americans. It also had an effect on moral movements such as prison reform, the temperance movement, and moral reasoning against slavery. |
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Horace Mann |
Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, he was a prominent proponent of public school reform, and set the standard for public schools throughout the nation. |
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Dorothea Dix |
A reformer who worked hard to improve the treatment of the mentally ill. At the outbreak of the Civil War, she was appointed superintendent of women nurses for the United States |
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The self-made man |
Self-made men were men of the middle class who rose to wealth or to a higher social status from humble origins through self-discipline, hard work, and temperate habits.The self made man became a central theme of American popular culture. |
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Seneca falls convention |
The meeting took place in Seneca Falls, New York on July 19th and 20th 1848. 300 Women and 40 men went to the second day to discuss the rights of women. They wrote the Declaration of Sentiments, which among other things, tried to get women the right to vote. |
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Elizabeth Cady Stanton |
Elizabeth Cady Stanton was a member of the women's right's movement in 1840. She was a mother of seven, and she shocked other feminists by advocating suffrage for women at the first Women's Right's Convention in Seneca, New York 1848. Stanton read a "Declaration of Sentiments" which declared "all men and women are created equal." |
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Utopian communities |
Idealistic and impractical communities. Who, Rather than seeking to create an ideal government or reform the world, withdrew from the sinful, corrupt world to work their miracles in microcosm, hoping to imitate the elect state of affairs that existed among the Apostles. |
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Transcendentalism |
A philosophy pioneered by Ralph Waldo Emerson in the 1830's and 1840's, in which each person has direct communication with God and Nature, and there is no need for organized churches. It incorporated the ideas that mind goes beyond matter, intuition is valuable, that each soul is part of the Great Spirit, and each person is part of a reality where only the invisible is truly real. Promoted individualism, self-reliance, and freedom from social constraints, and emphasized emotions. |
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Ralph Waldo Emerson |
transcendentalist, leading voice, Unitarian, explored "The infinitude of the private man", people trapped by inherited custom and intuitions, translated abstract ideas into ordinary people language
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Henry David Thoreau |
He was a poet, a mystic, a transcendentalist, a nonconformist, and a close friend of Ralph Waldo Emerson who lived from 1817-1862. He condemned government for supporting slavery and was jailed when he refused to pay his Mass poll tax.
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Susan B. Anthony |
Susan B. Anthony was a lecturer for women's rights. She was a Quaker. Many conventions were held for the rights of women in the 1840s. Susan B. Anthony was a strong woman who believed that men and women were equal. She fought for her rights even though people objected. Her followers were called Suzy B's.
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Lucretia Mott |
A Quaker who attended an anti-slavery convention in 1840 and her party of women was not recognized. She and Stanton called the first women's right convention in New York in 1848
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Moderate and radical abolitionists |
Radical - People who wanted slavery to end and who wanted drastic change, quickly - or nothing at all. They were also willing to use violence to get the job done. Moderate - People who wanted slavery to end but they were willing to change things slowly - one step at a time. They preferred political methods to violence. |
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Harriet Tubman |
Former slave who escaped and then returned to the South to help other slaves out of captivity. Later served as a spy in the Civil War: Helped to found the underground railroad, allowed for the freedom of many slaves, exemplified white slaveholders fears.
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