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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Articles of Confederation |
first written constitution for the U.S., formally ratified in 1781 by unanimous consent, created union between the states
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1. unicameral congress 2. each state had a single vote 3. no president or supreme court |
Structure of the Articles of Confederation |
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1. declare war and make peace 2. make treaties and alliances 3. coin money or borrow money from the states |
Powers of the Articles of Confederation |
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1. Congress is weaker than the states 2. Congress could not levy taxes or commerce between states 3. National government was slow to react (had to get everyone together and get a majority vote) 4. Each states free to create overseas deals 5. Articles could not be amended without the unanimous consent of Congress and all state legislators |
Problems with the Articles of Confederation |
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Northwest Ordinace |
incorporation of Northwest territories into the U.S., established a systematic division of land, prohibited slavery |
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State of Franklin |
an unrecognized territory located in what is today eastern Tennessee, created from part of the territory that had been offered by North Carolina as a cession to Congress to help pay off debts related to the Revolutionary War. It was founded with the intent of becoming the fourteenth state of the new United States, but was never admitted to the union |
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Shay's Rebellion |
poor farmers in MA could not pay the raised taxes, Daniel Shay mustered up the community militia to close the local courts, state enforced it's militia and rebellion was put to an end, realized that Articles of Confederation did not seem to be working |
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Great Compromise |
provided a bicameral congress, House of Representatives: each state is represented by population, Senate: each state has 2 senators |
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3/5 Compromise |
slave states are counted as 5 slaves = 3 persons when determining representation by population |
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Constitution |
document that created a strong federal government with legislative, executive, and judicial branches |
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Federalists |
supported the new Constitution and wanted a strong national government, minority of Americans, tended to be wealthier |
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Anti-Federalists |
opposed the new constitution, preferring a weaker federal government, concerned about the personal liberties of the people |
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Alexander Hamilton |
high ranking military officer, one of the authors of the Federalist Papers, first secretary of Treasury |
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James Madison |
the fourth president of the U.S., one of the authors of the Federalist Papers, wrote the Constitution and Bill of Rights |
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Federalist Paper |
articles published in the New York Papers arguing for a stronger federal government; written by James Madison, John Jay, and Alexander Hamilton |
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Bill of Rights |
the first ten amendments of the Constitution, written by James Madison, compromise with the Anti-federalist states |
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1. Right to freedom of speech, press, assembly, religion, and petition 2. Right to bear arms 3. Right to not quarter soldiers 4. Freedom from unreasonable search and seizure 5. Due process of law 6. Right to a speedy trial 7. Right to trial by jury 8. No cruel or unusual punishment 9. Constitutional rights do not deny other right 10. State's rights |
List the Bill of Rights |
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American Cincinnatus |
a Roman farmer who because a dictator during conflict then when it it over goes back to his farm, idea of public good over private interest, used to describe Washington |
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Whiskey Rebellion |
Hamilton proposed a tax on alcohol hurting PA farmers, people rebelled, Washington sent down a large militia to put a stop to it, first case of rebellion against federal authority |
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Washington warms against foreign entanglements and forming political parties |
Washington's Farewell Speech |
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Federalist Party |
opposition to the democratic republicans during Washington's presidency, supported a strong national government, split over negotiations with frams during Adams presidency (John Adams, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay) |
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Democratic Republican Party |
made mostly of former anti-federalists (Thomas Jefferson, Henry Clay) |
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Jay's Treaty |
treaty between the U.S. and Britain resoving conflicts with the Treaty of Paris, Britain removed it's troops from the states, established peaceful trade |
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XYZ Affair |
France got mad at the U.S. for signing Jay's Treaty and decided to seize American ships, American dimplomats went to France but were not allowed to see the minister, had to pay large amount of money to get in, causing an undelcared war with france |
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Alien and Sedition Acts |
laws put in place by John Adams; Alien: gave the right to expell any foreign born residents (French) that are a threat to the country; Sedition: you could be put in jail and fined for saying, writing, or printing anything bad about Congress or the president |
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Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions |
declared that the Alien and Sedition Acts were unconstitutional, argued that the states had the right to declare laws unconstitutional |
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midnight judges |
in the last week of his presidency, John Adams reorganized the federal court system and sign appointments up until midnight on his last day in office |
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John Marshall |
Chief Justice of the Supreme Court during Jefferson's presidency, established the Supreme Court's role in federal government, was involved in Marbury vs. Madison |
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Marbury vs. Madison |
at the end of John Adams presidency, Marbury was appointed as a judge, but the papers weren't processed, Marbury filed a suit, Supreme Court had no power process his papers, gave the Supreme Court the power of judicial review |
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Aaron Burr |
ran in the presidential election against Thomas Jefferson, lost because of Alexander Hamilton who spoke out against him, fought Hamilton in a duel and killed him |
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Loisiana Purchase |
Thomas Jefferson purchased land from France from the Mississippi to the Rocky Mountains for 3 cents an acre |
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Lewis and Clark Expedition |
sent by Thomas Jefferson to discover a water route across North America from the Mississippi to the Pacific Ocean |
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Embargo Acto of 1807 |
made all exports from the US illegal under Thomas Jefferson's presidency, goal was to force Britain and France to respect American rights, lot of political backlash afterwards |
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impressment |
British would send officers aboard American ships, inspect the ships, and seize the sailors accusing them to be diserters from British ships, lead to War of 1812 |
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Tecumseh |
Shawnee chief, had the idea to have all the native tribes join together to fight against colonists for their land |
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William Henry Harrison |
fought against Tecumseh, lead the battle of Tippecanoe, during the War of 1812 killed Tecumseh, 9th president, got pnemonia during his inaguaration speach and died |
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Creek War |
war that resulted in victory over the Indians who allied with the British, resulting in a large cession of land in Georgia and Alabama |
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War Hawks |
group of young congressmen that were focused on war, decided to fight the natives and British causing the War of 1812 |
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Battle of Tippecanoe |
Tecumseh attacked Harrison's men just before dawn, bloody battle, Indian spirit was crushed, Tecumseh realized they needed the British as allies |
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(1814) British burned the white house to deter Americans from continuing to fight |
Burning of Washington DC |
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star spangled banner |
after the battle at Fort McHenry, an American flag was raised in victory over the British, poem was written by Francis Scott Key |
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Treaty of Ghent |
peace treaty that ended the War of 1812, during negotions nothing was changed |
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Battle of New Orleans |
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