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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Great War (WWI)
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Broke out following the assassination of an Austro-Hungarian prince, Archduke Ferdinand. Killer was a member of the Black Hand, a terrorist organization.
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Pressures that fueled the war-Nationalism
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Nationalism-the feeling of pride and loyalty that people have for their country or language or customs. It helped unite Germany and brought many Slavic people closer together.
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Pressures that fueled the war-Imperialism
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Imperialism-Practice of establishing and controlling colonies.
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Alliances
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This is when two countries sign a treaty uniting them, having one help the other in times of crisis. This is what brought more countries in to the Great War. With the assasination of the Archduke Ferdinand, Austria declared War on Serbia, setting off a chain reaction in alliances. European leaders said this created a balance of power
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Central Powers
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Austria and Germany were called the principle members one alliance because they dominated most of the middle of Europe.
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Arbitration treaties
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Under President Taft and Wilson the U.S. had many countries sign a treaty called arbitration treaties that said the in a time of conflict, the conflicting countries would have a "cooling off" period where the talk things over. Only after this could the consider going to war
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Peace Movement
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A period where many religious and secular groups tried to find ways wor international problems. William J. Bryan used both rational and religious arguments to further the quest to peace.
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Neutrality
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Americans thought that we shouldn't be in the war in Europe. and really didnt care who won because europe was so far away.
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Wilson's Foreign Policy
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America didn't need any more land. America didn't have any enemies.
We didn't want to injure any foreign country. He thought we should help the less fortunate countries. |
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Mexican Revolution
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Began in 1910, against the dictator Porfirio Díaz, who controlled mexico for many years and allowed foreign countries to exploit their resources.
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Military Dictatorship
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The revolution was led by Francisco Madero. He forced Díaz out of mexico and then became president of mexico. Madero was later murdered by General Victotiano Huerta who created a military dictator ship.
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Wilson becomes president
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When Wilson became president, he did not recognize Huerta as a legitimate leader. A new revolt followed led by Venustiano Carranza. After asking Huerat to follow The American election process, in April some sailors were on R&R on the shores of Tampico and were arrested. Wilson was now angry at Huerta because he used the incident to try to over throw Wilson. Wilson Sent a naval force to occupy the city of Veracruz.
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War in mexico
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Wilson did not want to start a war in mexico. he thought the force of the naval force would over throw Huerta. But 16 sailors and 126 Mexicans died before they captured Veracruz.
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ABC Powers
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The ABC (Argentina, Brazil and Chile)powers quickly stepped in. they offered to mediate the problem or Act nuetral in order to find a settlement. They did and Carranza soon overthrew Huerta. American then withdrew its naval forces.
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"Ponco" Villa
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A bandit that America mistakenly took for a helpful person. But when America backed out of Mexico Villa was angry because the Americans had supported him and now just left him. He went on a killing spree. He stopped a train killing 17 citizens of the U.S. Then he crossed the border and killed 17 more Americans and burned the city. America pursued him vigorously but never found him.
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Eastern Front
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A part where Russian troops clashed with Germans. Usually seesaw battles .
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Western Front
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Western Europe (Belgium and France nd on the high sees)
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Trench Warfare
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A style of fighting where opposing sides dug trenched to avoid bullets and shell fire. In between them was empty called "no mans land". Stalemate was when neither side could advance. One side would try to but would soon be shot down quickly, then the other side would try.
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War on the Atlantic
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The British navy tried to blockgade all northern European ports. The Germans used U-boats or undersea boats to go around this blockade. These U-boats roamed the seas looking for unarmed merchant ships to attack. If they saw a powerful ship they could slip down beneath the water. The international rules for stopping merchant ships where that if war supplies were found the could take them or sink the ship. But them must either take the sailors prisoners or allow them to get on lifeboats. Germans did not want to follow these rules. But it was hard to follow these rules because it was dangerous for a u-boat to breach because a hidden cannon could easily take the sub out or be rammed by the ship.
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Wilson on Nuetral rights.
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Wilson protest strongly against both Germany and Britan breaking the International rules. He said that germany would be held accountable for and American cargo or lives lost. Meaning if you don't stop we might go to war with you. When another British ship with 1200 people on it 128 or which were American was sunk, Instead of going to war Wilson simply said to apologize and pay for damages and to promise never to do it again. Again a ship was sunk called the Sussex but Germany finally gave in. They promised no to sink any more merchant or cargo ships without warning, this agreement was called the Sussex pledge.
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Wilson on Nuetral rights.
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Wilson protest strongly against both Germany and Britan breaking the International rules. He said that germany would be held accountable for and American cargo or lives lost. Meaning if you don't stop we might go to war with you. When another British ship with 1200 people on it 128 or which were American was sunk, Instead of going to war Wilson simply said to apologize and pay for damages and to promise never to do it again. Again a ship was sunk called the Sussex but Germany finally gave in. They promised no to sink any more merchant or cargo ships without warning, this agreement was called the Sussex pledge.
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America's thoughts on entering the war
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Many people though differently about the war. Some said we should go in on the side of the Allies. Some said to at least build up an army, and some said to not go in and stay neutral.
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Peace and Negotiating
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Wilson fear that he would be forced into the war made him try to negotiate a peace without victory. But neither the Allies or the Central powers would agree to a peace without a victory.
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America Enters the war
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Germany realized that if they had more u-boats warfare America would declare war on them but if did it would stop the British from obtaining supplies through trading. If the did not get supplies then they would have to surrender. Less than 2 weeks after Wilson's peace without victory speech, an American merchant ship was sunk by a u-boat. He cut off relations with germany sending Germany's ambassador back and returning America's abassador from Germany back to America. After getting hold of a note from Germany to Mexico trying to gain alliances, On April 2, 1917 Wilson asked Congress to declare war on Germany to make peace possible in Germany.
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