History Chapters 8 & 9

Front 1

laissez faire

Back 1

limited government role in economic matters

Front 2

subsidy

Back 2

government payment to develop certain key industries

Front 3

Pendleton Civil Service Act

Back 3

created Civil Service Commission to classify government jobs

Front 4

Munn vs. Illinois

Back 4

allowed states to regulate business within their borders

Front 5

suburbs

Back 5

residential communities surrounding a city

Front 6

tenements

Back 6

cheap apartment buildings often crammed with people

Front 7

graft

Back 7

the use of one's job to gain profit

Front 8

political machine

Back 8

organization designed to keep a particular group in power, usually headed by a "boss"

Front 9

poll tax

Back 9

a fee that must be paid before voting

Front 10

grandfather clause

Back 10

laws that exempted men from voting restrictions

Front 11

Jim Crow

Back 11

system of legal discrimination

Front 12

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 12

decision legalizing segregation

Front 13

lynching

Back 13

the murder of an accused person by a mob without a lawful trial

Front 14

Led to government regulation of businesses during the Gilded Age

Back 14

Unfair business practices

Front 15

During the late 1800's, the port of entry for the majority of immigrants was

Back 15

New York City

Front 16

Attracted many Asians to the United States in the late 1800's

Back 16

jobs with American Railroad companies

Front 17

Was a major result of both immigration and the increased productivity of factory jobs in the late 1800's

Back 17

the rapid expansion of urban areas

Front 18

Why did many immigrants support city political machines

Back 18

Political machines provided them with jobs

Front 19

During the Gilded Age, Republicans and Democrats held differing views on

Back 19

the gold standard and government aid to business

Front 20

The Pendleton Civil Service Act was passed to

Back 20

end the spoils system

Front 21

During the late 1800's and early 1900's immigration laws discriminated most against

Back 21

Asians

Front 22

One reason that the United States became more urban during the late 1800's is that

Back 22

farm machines and factory-made goods reduced the need for farm labor.

Front 23

The main objective of the nativists was to

Back 23

restrict immigration

Front 24

One example of government's trying to help American business was

Back 24

high tariffs

Front 25

The Interstate Commerce Act outlawed the railroads' practice of

Back 25

giving special rates to powerful customers

Front 26

This attracted many immigrants to the United States

Back 26

a chance for a better life

Front 27

In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson decision, the Supreme Court

Back 27

established the "seperate-but-equal" doctrine, upholding segregation

Front 28

One effect of the public school system was that it

Back 28

helped immigrant children become Americanized

Front 29

How did the Plessy v. Ferguson decision affect racial relations in the South

Back 29

It allowed segregation to continue legally.

Front 30

What did Booker T. Washington tell his students to focus on in school?

Back 30

economic security

Front 31

Why was the NAACP founded?

Back 31

to fight discrimination through the courts

Front 32

What stereotype was used to justify not giving women professional training?

Back 32

They lack physical strength

Front 33

The Niagara Movement called for

Back 33

full civil liberties for African Americans

Front 34

What powerful position did William Marcy Tweed hold?

Back 34

New York City's Democratic party boss