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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Robert Clive
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He helped the British take over India and drive the French out during the 7 years war. He became the governer of Bengal and prosided over the Opium trade. He was knighted, but then was called back to England for inquiry because of rumors and scandals about him. 1774-- committed suicide.
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Nadir Shah
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He was chosen by the nobles to take over, He overthrew Shah 'Abbas I. He was a military leader and hero that wanted to take more territory o get more power. He began to try and take territory from the Mugal empire, but the Ottomans were different types of Muslims, Suny, the two groups did not like this idea. He became a dictator, but was assassinated in 1747 by officers of his own guard. The Qajar then took over.
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Shah 'Abbas I
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He ruled from 1588-1629. He stressed culture and made the capital city great and very much like Versailles. His reign was when Persain rugs began to be produced.
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Mahmud II
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He was also a ruler in the Ottoman Empire. He tried to stop the decline. He was the ruler when Greece becomes independent from the Ottoman Empire. He successfully put down some of the revolts and tried to make some reforms. He reformed the army and navy and put it more under his own control. In 1876 the ottomans adopted a constitution and this began their change to a republic.
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Suleiman the Magnificent
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He was the sultan of the Ottoman Empire. He ruled during the Ottoman Renaissance. This is a time where there is an increase in art, architecture and literature. He was called the Magnificent by the Europeans and the law Maker by his own people because he standardized laws. His rule was the highlight of the Ottoman empire.
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Sepoy
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The Sepoys are Indian troops who didn't like the imposition of British culture. They especially didn't like the glass cealing that prevented them from becoming officials in tehir armies.
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Sepoy Rebellion
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This rebellion began as a mutiny becasue of the Spark. This turns in to a rebellion because of the long standing discontent of the British trying to impose their culture on the Indians. The rebellion is eventually put down, at that point the British decide that the British East India company can not control the Indians, so Parliament dissolves the company and takes over direct control over India.
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Mutiny
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When a military force joins together and rises up against it's commander
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Spark of the Sepoy Rebellion
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Cows and pigs are sacred in their Muslim religion, and so the soldiers had to bite off the cartages which were greased in pigs and cow fat, so putting the pig in your mouth was ungraceful, and for the Hindus the cow was unacceptable. This rumor unites the Muslims and the Hindus because it is clear that the British don't understand their culture.
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Mughal Empire
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(India) This was the weakest empire.
Islam was weak in the Mughal Empire. There were a lot of different religions, so it was difficult for it to be unified. They had to pay up to one third of their crops in taxes. This led to longstanding discontent with the British |
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popular sovereinty
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laws and government created by, and subject to the will of the people.
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coup d'etat
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a seizure of power by force
"a stroke of state" |
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Voltaire
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"I dissaprove of what you say, but i will fight to the death for your right to say it."
-a French writer who served two scentences in teh Bastille. He wrote "Philisophical Letters," and "Candide" which fought against intolerence and religious prejudice." |
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Napoleon
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He took control over the French Republic that was called the Consolate then he came to power, but later it becaume an empire with Napoleon as the emperor, so it was no longer a republic because the people no longer had a say. Napoleon made French laws uniform, put France on sound Economic footing, and opened relations with the pope.
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Enlightenment
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a period in the 1700s when philosophers believed that they could apply the scientific method and use reason to explain human nature logically.
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Estates General
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A meeting of teh three estates where each estate gets one vote to decide and issue. This was unfair to the thrid estate becasue it had the most people but only got one vote and this allowed the other two estates to overpower them.
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Plebiscite
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Napoleon's constitution where the people could vote yes or no, but could not make any changes to a law.
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Philosophes
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thinkers of the Enlightenment. They were critics of society who published their ideas in the encyclopedia.
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Salons
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gatehrings of the social, political and cultural elite. Philosophes met and discissed their ideas.
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Enlightened Despotism
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a system of government in which absolute monarchs ruled according to the principles of teh Enlightenment. This was favored by the philosophes.
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Montesquieu
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"The spirit of the laws"- he described what he considered a perfect government." He believed that the English had the most nearly perfect form because of it's 3 branches and it's system of checks and balances.
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Rousseau
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"history repeats it's self in cycles decay and to look to Egypt, Greece, Rome and the Byzantine empire for examples." "The social contract" said that people are born good, but their environment, education and laws corrupt them. He supported POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY.
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Bourgeoisie
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The top of the third Estate
-The city dwelling middle class -Merchants, manufacturers and professional people (doctors and lawyers etc.) They posessed both wealth and education |
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Ancienne Regime
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a system of 3 estates that were treated UNequally, The First Estate and second had teh fewest people but teh most power, wealth and privelege. The Third Estate had the most people but the least rights.
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Robespierre
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"It is necessary to annihilate both the internal and external enemies of teh republic of perish wih it's fall." Revolutionary Tribunal executed many people on suspicion of opposition. Disloyal people were sent to the guillatine.
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Safavids
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The Safavids come to power for 235 years. They were Sheite Muslims, and became very strong. They brought Persian society to great hights
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Tokagowa Ieyasu
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He succeeds Hideyoshi as shogun. He eventually becomes a dictator. His dynasty rules for 250 years. He does not allow the dam yo to form alliances.
He says that all the local dam yo must come and live in Edo for every other year. This keeps them from attacking the city. |
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Shogun
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a military leader of Japan, that is given this title by the emperor. Ieyasu makes the shogun like an absolute monarch.
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Japanese Emperor
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a spiritual leader
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Dam Yo
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local Japanese lords.
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What does Japan believe about foreign trade?
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Japan is trying to keep it's self isolated from foreign contace. The traders first came to Japan from Portugal
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Kowtow
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bowing down: a symbol of submission.
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Tribute system
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Korea and Japan are under China's control so they must pay tribute to the Ming emperor. The value of the gifts does not matter, they are saying they are lower than the Chinese.
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Confucianism
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The Ming used Confucianism to organize society and government
Family is very Important (social/ cultural) -Family is more important than the individual -Ancestors are very important, Ancestral Respect -Society is divided in to four Classes Top: Scholar gentry Peasants: produce food and pay taxes Artisans Merchants: parasites who made profits from the goods that the artisans and peasants produced |
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Ming Dynasty
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ming=brilliant “The brilliant dynasty”
Begins in 1368 when they take over from the Mongols, lasts until 1644 The Ming Empire was very stable Achievements: good sailors, created better and longer ships, compass, sailed to India in 1405 and Saudi Arabia 10 years later, More advanced than Europe |
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Legitimacy
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all former ruling families should be restored to the throne
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