History Chapter 5: The World Of Rome

Front 1

patricians

Back 1

-aristocracy of Rome
-wealthy landowners
-dominated state affairs

Front 2

plebeians

Back 2

-common people of Rome
-most were poor
-artisans, farmers, landless urban dwellers
-had a voice in politics, but overshadowed by patricians

Front 3

senate

Back 3

-council of noble elders who advised the king
-advised consuls and other magistrates

Front 4

concillium plebis

Back 4

-assembly of the plebeians
-could pass ordinances for the plebeians

Front 5

consuls

Back 5

-chief magistrates of the republic
-command of army, administered state business, supervised financial affairs

Front 6

praetors

Back 6

-office that acted in consuls place when they were away
-administration of justice
-clarified the law

Front 7

law of the twelve tables

Back 7

-codified and published law of rome
-broke patricians' legal monopoly
-plebeians knew the law, and had full protection under it

Front 8

struggle of the orders

Back 8

-plebeians' efforts to obtain recognition of their rights

Front 9

punic war 1

Back 9

-conflicting ambitions in sicily
-rome won control of the island, its first province
-marked the beginning of roman expansion

Front 10

punic war 2

Back 10

-carthage, with hannibal as general, marched against rome
-rome and italian allies fought back
-scipio africanus moved on carthage and hannibal retreated
-decisive victory for rome

Front 11

punic war 3

Back 11

-scipio's grandson destroyed carthage in 146 bc
-rome took complete control of spain

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hannibal

Back 12

-brilliant general of carthage
-moved against rome with swift mobile forces
-three major victories
-defeated by scipio africanus

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paterfamilias

Back 13

-head of the roman family
-oldest dominant male of the family
-absolute power

Front 14

latifundia

Back 14

-huge estates of ruined land bought by incredibly wealthy men

Front 15

tiberius gracchus

Back 15

-aristocrat appalled by state of Rome's army
-elected tribune
-proposed dividing public land among the poor
-murdered by a goup of senators

Front 16

gaius gracchus

Back 16

-wanted to continue reforms of brother
-provided urban poor with cheap grain
-sent poor Romans to colonize southern italy
-proposed fully citizenship rights for all italians
-murdered by senators

Front 17

gaius marius

Back 17

-recruited landless into army to campaign against rebel king in north africa
-promised land in return for their services
-senate would not carry through

Front 18

sulla

Back 18

-roman general
-declared himself dictator
-instituted many reforms
-tried to restore republican constitution

Front 19

julius caesar

Back 19

-born into a noble family
-led an army in spain
-defeated Roman opponents
-declared himself dictator
-extended citizenship to many provincials
-planted colonies in gaul, spain, and africa

Front 20

civil war

Back 20

-caesar assassinated
-second triumvirate
-octavian waged war against antony and cleopatra and won

Front 21

augustus

Back 21

-octavian, caesar's grand-nephew
-rebuilt constitution and government
-demobilized army
-cared for welfare of provinces
-defeated barbarians at frontiers

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pax romana

Back 22

-era of roman peace

Front 23

origins of christianity

Back 23

-teachings of Jesus
-teachings spread by Paul

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paul of tarsus

Back 24

-persecuted christians
-converted to christianity on the damascus road
-spread the teachings of christianity across the known world
-universal faith

Front 25

five good emperors

Back 25

-nerva, trajan, hadrian, antoninus pius, marcus aurelius
-golden age of empire
-unparalleled prosperity
-noblest, ablest, most dedicated men in roman history
-benevolent and wise, exercised power wisely, absolute kings

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barracks emperors

Back 26

-era of military rulers
-military monarchy
-autocratic

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barbarian migrations/invasions

Back 27

-mass migrations
-slipped through areas in the roman defenses
-devastated the balkans

Front 28

marcus aurelius

Back 28

-last of the five good emperors
-father of commodus

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diocletian

Back 29

-put end to period of turmoil
-gave serious thought to a
ailments and reforms for rome
-divided empire into two halves
-ruled one half, set colleague over the other half
-small provinces
-reduction of power, equality of power

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constantine

Back 30

-repaired damage of empire
-locked people into their occupations
-political and social reforms
-christianity as legitimate state religion

Front 31

tetrachy

Back 31

-system of government in which four people rule the empire

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constantinople

Back 32

-new capital of the roman empire
-built under the rule of constantine