History Chapter 4 Review

Front 1

Manufacturing Capacity

Back 1

North and South built many factories to supply army with weapons, ammunition, etc. Once war was over, these factories could be used to make other goods.

Front 2

Wall Street

Back 2

Government had used what to raise money for the war? (There was good financial infrastructure now available to finance companies.)

Front 3

Greenbacks

Back 3

This is a more modern form of currency used.

Hint 3

What color does a dollar have? There's an Australian restaurant called the Out__________.

Front 4

High tariffs

Back 4

This protected domestic industry. They could be so high because the North controlled politics, and they were able to raise them during the Civil War without southern intervention.

Front 5

Immigration; labor supply

Back 5

Due to high ________________, the population of the US doubled from 1860-1900. (Abundant _______________.)

Front 6

Homestead Act of 1862

Back 6

Large farms developed out west thanks to the _______________________. Increased food supply was able to feed cities and it increased demand for manufactured goods.

Front 7

Railroads

Back 7

They required lots of steel and coal to build/run and they made it easier to transport goods over long distances (thus making industry more profitable).

Front 8

Laissez-faire

Back 8

Government policy to let business go unregulated (no labor laws, unions, corporate taxes, etc.)

Front 9

Trusts

Back 9

Formation of ________: giant corporations like Standard Oil (John Rockefeller) and US Steel (Andrew Carnegie) helped increase production.

Front 10

Sherman Anti-Trust Act of 1890

Back 10

Was supposed to break trusts, but it was never enforced, so trusts grew huge.

Front 11

Bessemer Process

Back 11

A cheap method to make steel that enabled it to be mass-produced.

Front 12

Electricity

Back 12

Powered houses and factories.

Front 13

Thomas; light bulb

Back 13

Patents encouraged inventors such as ______________ Edison, who patented the __________________ in this period.

Front 14

Cigarette

Back 14

One positive impact of industrialization was that whole new industries were created, such as the _________________ industry.

Front 15

Deflation; monopolies

Back 15

One negative impact of industrialization was that farms struggled because of _________________ (prices going down; made debt harder to pay off) and railroad ___________________ charging too much to ship their crops.

Front 16

Greenbackers

Back 16

In rural areas, anti-monopoly and anti-deflation groups spring up, creating the _______________________.

Front 17

1873, 1893 and 1907

Back 17

Financial panics occurred in ________, ________ and ________.

Front 18

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

Back 18

No Chinese person could enter the US for 10 years.

Front 19

Political machines

Back 19

Run cities by arranging for people to get various jobs in exchange for favors.

Front 20

Robber barons

Back 20

Business men such as J.D. Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie were seen as ___________ ___________.

Front 21

Muckrakers

Back 21

Journalists who wrote about social issues are called ____________________.

Front 22

Upton Sinclair

Back 22

Wrote "The Jungle" about the meat-packing industry.

Front 23

Ida Tarbell

Back 23

Wrote about the Standard Oil Company, eventually helping its trust to be destroyed into separate businesses (Exxon Mobil is one).

Front 24

Pullman Strike of 1894

Back 24

Workers protested in the _________________ (250,000 railroad workers; the first almost-national strike), but Grover Cleveland sent in troops to make them go back to work.

Front 25

Jane Addams

Back 25

_________________ ran the Hull House, a charity that was largely seen as a model for welfare reform.

Front 26

Theodore (Teddy) Roosevelt

Back 26

Vice President under McKinley, then McKinley is shot in 1901 and ________________ becomes president.

Front 27

Northern Securities Company

Back 27

First real suit using the Sherman Anti-Trust Act against the ______________________________, which had combined all the northern railroads under one trust.

Front 28

Coal strike

Back 28

Roosevelt invites both parties to the White House rather than siding with business.

Front 29

Expedition Act of 1903

Back 29

Gives government lawyers so that they can go after monopolies/trusts.

Front 30

Elkins Act of 1903

Back 30

Regulates railroads, keeps them from charging more to some people and favoring monopolies.

Front 31

Pure Food and Drug Act

Back 31

Largely in response to "The Jungle".

Front 32

Department of Commerce and Labor

Back 32

Monitors/collects data on all businesses, regulates interstate trade. Puts an end to laissez-faire.

Front 33

Newlands Reclamation Act

Back 33

Conservation: establishes ________________________________ to preserve the environment.

Front 34

William Howard Taft

Back 34

Hand-picked by Roosevelt to be the next Republican president.

Front 35

16th Amendment

Back 35

Allows government to impose income tax.

Front 36

17th Amendment

Back 36

Direct election of senators (no longer elected by state legislatures).

Front 37

Bull Moose

Back 37

The Progressive Party/ _________________ Party, created by Roosevelt and called the _________________ Party because after he is shot in the chest, he says he feels "as fit as a __________________."

Front 38

Federal Reserve Act of 1913

Back 38

____________ creates the _______________________________ to stabilize the economy/banking system. This acts as a bank to other banks, lending them money when they need it. It also controls how much money is in the economy, so they can prevent deflation.

Front 39

Underwood Tariff Act of 1913

Back 39

Drastically lowers tariffs and replaces them with an income tax.

Front 40

Clayton Act of 1914

Back 40

Essentially replaces the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, since it was too weak.

Front 41

Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914

Back 41

Protects consumers and regulates every business in US.

Front 42

Federal Child Labor Act of 1916

Back 42

Makes it illegal to sell anything made by children under 14 years of age.

Front 43

18th Amendment; moonshining; speakeasies; Al Capone

Back 43

Wilson passes the ________________________ during WWI to save grain. This leads to _____________________ and _____________________ (places where alcohol was sold illegally). This contributes to organized crime, such as __________________ in Chicago.

Front 44

19th amendment; women's suffrage

Back 44

Men are fighting in WWI, so women go to work. This leads to increased momentum for the right to vote.