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24 Cards in this Set
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Douglas MacArthur- |
-recalled to active duty in 1941 by President Roosevelt-delivered famous quote of “I shall return” when ordered to leave the Philippines as defenses were being overran by the Japanese-became supreme commander of the Pacific theater-accepted the surrender of Japan aboard the USS Missouri in Tokyo Bay on Sept. 2, 1945.-served as director of the Allied occupation of Japan |
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Bataan Death March |
-70,000 American and Filipino soldiers were trapped and forced to surrender on the Bataan Peninsula-prisoners' were forced to march 70 miles to the prison camp-the harsh treatment and starvation caused the deaths of nearly 10,000 men |
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Island Hopping |
-strategy used by the U.S. military in the Pacific-attack and hold every second or third Island to force the enemy back |
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Battle of the coral sea |
-May 3-9, 1942-Japanese ships controlled shipping lanes to Australia and planned to take it over-25 Japanese ships were sunk or disabled-first defeat for the Japanese in the South Pacific |
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Battle of Midway |
June 3-7, 1942-if successful, Japan could launch air strikes against U.S. mainland from this location-Japan assembled the largest naval force in history to attack-U.S. code-breakers learned of the Japanese plans-U.S. gave appearance of concentrating main defenses in the Aleutian Islands-Japanese losses were heavy and Yamamoto was forced to retreat-turning point in the Pacific as Japan was forced to change strategy from offensive to defensive |
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Battle of Guadalcanal |
-began Aug. 7, 1942-including the Battle of the Solomon's and New Guinea-launching point for Japan’s all out assault on Australia-an airstrip was used to cut off U.S. lifeline to Australia-U.S. bombarded the Japanese stronghold for seven straight days but, the Japanese held strong-an amphibious assault similar to Normandy was necessary |
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Battle of Guam |
-July 21-Aug. 10, 1944-Guam was an American possession lost to the Japanese in December 1941-after being recaptured by Americans, Guam airfield was used by B-29 bombers to attack western holdings of Japan |
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Battle of Palau Island |
-Sept-Nov 1944-The Japanese were tightly dug into the island and well equipped-highest U.S. casualty rate of any Pacific battle-1/3 of the soldiers who landed on the island died (almost 1,800)-many questioned the strategic value of the island considering the casualties-called “the worse battle for Marines of the entire war” |
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Battle of Leyte Gulf |
-Oct. 23-25, 1944-began the struggle to drive Japanese from the Philippines-Japanese cleared from Philippines by Battle of Luzon, March 4 and attack of Corregidor (July 5)-Japan lost 400,000 of their best troops, critical Japanese supply lines were cut and, MacArthur had “returned” |
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Battle of Iwo Jima |
-began Feb. 19, 1945-from here, U.S. could launch bombing raids on Islands of Japan-well fortified and equipped by the Japanese as a last stand before defense of their homeland-allies bombarded the island for 74 consecutive days before U.S. Marines went ashore-after some of the war's bloodiest fighting, Marines raised the flag on Mount Suribachi-battle continued to Okinawa, U.S. met last major resistance -many Japanese committed suicide to avoid capture and disgrace |
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Battle of Okinawa |
-April-June, 1945-called the “dress rehearsal” for the actual invasion of Japan-first time battle fought on Japanese mainland, up until this the US was liberating territory controlled by Japan-Japanese soldiers fought particularly fierce as their country was being attacked.-deadliest battle of the Pacific war (Japan 77,000 killed or committed suicide, U.S. 14,000 killed) |
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Kamikazes |
-desperately seeking to turn the tide of battle, Japan began to employ suicide as an official weapon-young pilots were commanded to crash their bomb-laden planes into Allied ships-in Japan, defeat was unthinkable and shameful -altogether, they sank 34 naval craft, and damaged 358 others-had relatively little affect the outcome of the war |
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Banzai Charge |
-rather than surrender the Japanese infantry used suicide charges in an attempt to break through enemy lines-not very successful but was unnerving for American soldiers |
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Potsdam Conference |
-last wartime meeting between Clement Attlee (Britain), Harry Truman (US), and Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union)-agreed to the division of Germany into four zones of occupation-agreed to put on trial Nazis guilty of war crimes and atrocities-Truman informed Stalin the United States had an atomic bomb would use it against Japan-Stalin wanted huge war reparations from Germany-sides disagreed on free elections in Eastern European nations |
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Manhattan Project |
-code name for the U.S. effort to produce the atomic bomb-many who took part were refugee physicists from Germany-although research was completed at many locations, the project was completed in Los Alamos, New Mexico-on July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was exploded-President Truman decided to use the weapon to end the war quickly; Japan was informed to surrender (although bomb was not mentioned)-bombs eventually used (code named Little Boy and Fat Man) had an explosive force greater than 20,000 tons of TNT |
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Enola Gay |
-U.S. B-29 Super Fortress bomber, commanded by Lt. Col. Paul Tibbets-equipped to carry a single atomic bomb-dropped the first atomic bomb on Japan |
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Hiroshima |
-August 6, 1945-Japanese city on which the first atomic bomb was dropped -of the 300,000 people living in the city; at least 78,000 people were killed outright-3/5ths of city destroyed in seconds-many more died of radiation poisoning as a result of the blast-a Peace Memorial Park was created in memory of the bombing |
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Nagasaki |
August 9, 1945-second atomic bomb attack-the bomb missed its target, but still destroyed half the city and killed approximately 75,000 people-Japan immediately agrees to surrender |
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V-J Day |
-Victory In Japan- August 14, 1945 |
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U.S.S Missouri |
-Sept. 2, 1945-battle ship sunk at Pearl Harbor but, restored to used in World War II-on it’s deck in Tokyo Bay was where official document of surrender was signed by Japan-General MacArthur accepted surrender by Japanese delegation |
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Japanese War Crimes |
-occurred as imperial military took over territory in Asia-seven of the first twenty five defendants received death sentences-fifteen received life in prison-Tojo (who was saved after attempting suicide) was sentenced to death |
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United Nations |
-international organization established at the end of World War II to promote international peace and security-replaced the League Of Nations-officially began on Oct. 24, 1945, when 51 original members ratified its charter |
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General Assembly |
-composed of all member states of the UN, approximately 181 nations-where nations deliberate world issues (political, economic,-responsible for UN recommendations, develop action plans, and efforts to keep peace-most issues require a simple majority vote but, more important decisions require a two-thirds majority-meets from September to mid-December of each year |
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Security Council |
-one of six major UN councils-council whose primary responsibility for maintaining peace and security-began with eleven members, now has fifteen-China, France, Russia, Great Britain, and the United States are permanent members while the other ten members are elected by the General Assembly for 2-year terms-five permanent members have the power to “veto” at any time-unlike the recommendation of the General Assembly, member nations are required to carry out directives from the Security Council-may send UN observers or peacekeeping forces to help reduce tensions in troubled areas |
