History Ch.7 Vocab

Front 1

era when the use of power-driven machines was developed in Great Britain

Back 1

Industrial Revolution

Front 2

farmer who invented the seed drill as a new agricultural method

Back 2

Jethro Tull

Front 3

movement when landowners combined the small fields to create large farms with fences holding animals such as sheep

Back 3

enclosure movement

Front 4

the essential elements that a nation needs to achieve success; land, labor, and capital

Back 4

factors of production

Front 5

domestic system where a craft occupation is performed at home (ex. weaving)

Back 5

cottage industry

Front 6

the process of changing to power driven machines

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industrialization

Front 7

made pulling seeds less time consuming by inventing the cotton gin

Back 7

Eli Whitney

Front 8

invented the spinning jenny, which spun several threads at once during the spinning process because there was too much cotton, not enough thread

Back 8

James Hargreaves

Front 9

made thread thinner and stronger with the spinning frame; also built factories to hold the water frame

Back 9

Richard Arkwright

Front 10

invented the flying shuttle, which doubled the speed at which a weaver could do the job; attacked and fled to france

Back 10

John Kay

Front 11

invented a larger, faster weaving system called power loom in 1785 made by rivers, but the problem is that they cant work in the winter or summer

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Edmund Cartwright

Front 12

a building that housed industrial machines

Back 12

factory

Front 13

invented a faster and more efficient steam engine for power and transportation

Back 13

James Watt

Front 14

used a steam locomotive to transport goods in 1802

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Richard Trevithick

Front 15

developed a steam ship called "The Clermont" that first ran on the hudson river in new york; his business was the first profitable use of steam navigation

Back 15

Robert Fulton

Front 16

report written in 1791 by Alexander Hamilton arguing that industrialization would help the U.S. gain economic independence from Great Britain

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Report of Manufactures

Front 17

came to the US disguised as a farmer in 1789 to make Arkwright machinery at mills and bring textile technology to the US; aka "Father of American Industry"

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Samuel Slater

Front 18

founder of a mill that used a waterfall to run machinery; made canals (models for modern industry) and made the first mill that took cotton through processes to make cloth

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Francis Cabot Lowell

Front 19

founded a textile factory in Belgium, bringing industry to europe

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William Cockerill

Front 20

funds for investment in business

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capital

Front 21

group led by General Ned Ludd that opposed machines that were hurtful to the commonality that put them out of work, movement of burning factories and smashing machines

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Luddites

Front 22

organizations representing workers' interests, used strikes

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labor unions

Front 23

work stoppages used by labor unions

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strikes

Front 24

report by hearings in Parliament in 1832 that described abuses in factories

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Sadler Report

Front 25

system of manufacturing large numbers of identical items

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mass production

Front 26

identical machine parts that were used to make production and repair of goods easier (ex. guns)

Back 26

interchangeable parts

Front 27

element of mass production by Henry Ford, where a product moves from worker to worker, as each one performs a step in the manufacturing process

Back 27

assembly line

Front 28

economics by Adam Smith saying gov. shouldn't interfere with business

Back 28

laissez-faire

Front 29

wrote the "Wreath of Nations" to promote laissez-faire economics, also wanted a market economy

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Adam Smith

Front 30

concerned about population growth caused by development of industry, saying population would always grow faster than food production

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Thomas Malthus

Front 31

someone who starts a business, ex. financiers, bankers and investors who used money to start large corporations

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entrepreneur

Front 32

led the expansion of steel industry in America

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Andrew Carnegie

Front 33

wrote the Iron Law of Wages, saying population would grow faster so there would be no jobs, leading to starvation

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David Ricardo

Front 34

negative word used to describe entrepreneurs like Andrew Carnegie that took advantage of their workers

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robber barons

Front 35

believed in socialism and built a mill in Scotland, founded a community in America that was a utopia

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Robert Owen

Front 36

theory by Robert Owen saying society or government, instead of individuals, should own property and control industry

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socialism

Front 37

thought that when capital grew, workers would sink into property, rebel and control means of production, collapse socialism (communist manifesto)

Back 37

Frederich Engels and Karl Marx

Front 38

1st volume written by Karl Marx against capitalism, saying that it disrupts the relationship between labor and profit, wanted socialism and communism

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"Das Kapital"

Front 39

system in which gov. owns almost all the means of production and controls economic planning

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communism

Front 40

level of material comfort, quality of life

Back 40

standard for living