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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Who were the Patriots?
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Americans who supported the war
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Give the advantages that the British had over the Patriots.
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-Had the strongest navy in the world & experienced, well-trained army
-Wealth of an empire -Larger population |
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Give the advantages and disadvantages that the Patriots had.
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-Patriots were fighting on their own land
-Very determined to win [while British hired mercenaries] -George Washington lead the Patriots -Patriots lacked regular army w/military experience & strong navy -Weapons & ammunition in short supply -Not all Americans supported war |
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Who were the Loyalists?
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Americans who remained loyal to the British and opposed the war for independence.
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What were some slaves offered during the war?
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Slaves who fought on the British side would be freed
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Who was Nathan Hale and what were his famous words?
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-A Patriot who disguised himself as a Dutch teach and spyed on British troops.
-"I only regret that I have but one life to lose for my country." |
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What was the effect of THE CRISIS which was written by Thomas Paine?
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-Paine's words in THE CRISIS encouraged colonists & inspired them to fight.
-Washington read it to the soldiers |
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How were African Americans used during the war?
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-Enlisted in Continental Army
-Washington favored using slaves as soldiers -Most states enlisted 5000 African Americans [against opposition] -Rhode Island had an all-African regiment |
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Tell about the American victory at Trenton.
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-Washington lead his troop on Christmas night 1776, surprised the British troops at Trenton
-Captured 900 Hessians at Trenton -FIRST AMERICAN VICTORY |
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What happened at the Battle of Saratoga?
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-British planned a three-pronged attack w/ General Burgoyne w/8000 people south from Canada, second force move east from Lake Ontario, third force meet at Albany and destroy Washington's troops
-Green Mountain Boys defeated Burgoyne's army -Battle of Saratoga: General Burgoyne expected to find his two other troops, but they were stopped or still traveling -Patriot army about three times as large as his own attacked -British lost --> Burgoyne surrendered -MARKED A TURNING POINT IN WAR |
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Why was the American victory at Saratoga important?
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-Marked a turning point in war
-Lead to trade agreement and alliance -European nations [especially France] realized that America might actually win the war |
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What did France, Spain, and the Netherlands each do to help the Americans?
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-France: provided money, equipment, and troops
-Spain: Supplies and captured five Britsh forts in Mississippi valley -Netherlands: Sent money -Spain & Netherlands both declared war on Britain |
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Describe the conditions at Valley Forge for Washington and his troops during the winter of 1776.
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-Winter of terrible suffering
-Lacked decent food, clothing, shelter -Many men deserted |
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Who was Marquis de Lafayette?
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-French nobleman who was filled with enthusiasm for ideas expressed in Declaration of Independence.
-Trusted aid to Washington |
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Who was Friedrich Von Steuben?
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-Former army officer from Germany who drilled the Patriot troops and taught them military discipline.
-Turned Continental Army into more effective fighting force |
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How did the Americans pay for the war, what did it lead to, and what did Congress do as a result?
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-Congress printed millions of dollars of paper money
-Lead to inflation -Stopped issuing paper money |
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Describe what it was like to be a loyalist in America during the war.
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-Shunned by neighbors
-Victims of mob violence -Loyalists who actively helped the British could be arrested and tried as traitors -Executed a few Loyalists, but that was unusual |
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Tell about some of the attempts to rid the colonies of slavery.
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-Boston town meeting had voted to condemn slavery
-Vermont, New Hampshire, Massachussetts, and Pennsylvania all attempted to end slavery |
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Explain why more Native Americans sided with the British.
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-British seemed less of threat because Americans continued to push westward
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Why did more Native Americans side with the British than with the Patriots?
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-British seemed less of threat, because Americans continued to push westward, threatening the Native American way of life
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Who was Henry Hamilton and why was he called the "hair buyer"?
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-Commanded main British base in Detroit
-Paid Native Americans for scalps of settlers |
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Who was George Rogers Clark and what did he set out to do in 1778?
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-Colonel in Virginia militia
-Set out to end the British attacks on Western settlers |
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How was the American position finally strengthened in the West?
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-Clark and his troop forced Hamilton and British to surrender
-Strengthened American's position |
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What was the purpose of the British Blockade?
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-Prevent supplies and reinforcements from reaching the Continental Army
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What were privateers, and what were they authorized to do?
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-Privately owned merchant ships equipped with weapons
-Authorized to attack enemy shipping |
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Who was John Paul Jones?
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-Owned a ship called Bonhomme Richard [given by Benjamin Franklin]
-American naval officer who raided British ports -Defeated Serapis, but his own ship sunk -"I have not yet begun to fight." |
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What was the strategy the British used in 1778 for finishing the war and bring the colonies back into the empire?
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-Concentrated their offensive in the South, where there were more Loyalists
-Hoped to use British sea power and supposrt to win decisive victories in Southern states |
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What happened to the American army at Charleston, S.C. in 1780?
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-Worst American defeat
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What was guerilla warfare, and who was Francis Marion?
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-Technique that caught enemies off-guard
-Francis Marion was known as the Swamp Fox -Also a guerilla leader in South Carolina |
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Who was Nathanael Greene and what did he accomplish in the South in 1781?
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-Won Battle of Cowpens
-Inflicted heavy damage on British |
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What did General Cornwallis do in April of 1781, and where did he go?
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-Retreatd north to Virginia
-Troops carried out saids, nearly capturing Governor Thomas Jefferson and Virginia Legistature |
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Why did Washington change his plans in 1781?
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-Knew that Admiral Francois de Grasse was heading toward Chesapeake Bay instead of New York
-Decided to advance on Yorktown instead |
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What were the three groups that would meet at Yorktown?
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-Anthony Wayne's troops, Washington's troops, French fleet under Admiral de Grasse
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What happened on October 19th, 1781?
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-Cornwallis surrendered
-PATRIOTS WON |
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What did King George III decide as a result of the American victory at Yorktown?
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-Appointed new ministers who were prepared to give America independence
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Who were the American representatives at the Treaty of Paris?
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Benjamin Franklin, John Jay, John Adams
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What were the terms of the Treaty of Paris?
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-Britain officially recognized America as an independent country
-Northern boundary: Great Lakes/Canada -Southern boundary: 31 degrees north - Spanish Florida -Western boundary: Mississippi River -Spain got Florida back plus southern parts of Alabama and Mississppi -Britain would remove its armies with spped -America promised not to seize property from Loyalists -Congress would urge states to give back Loyalist properties seized during the war [most was never returned] -America agreed that British merchants could collect prewar debts owed by Americans -Britain gave America the right to fish in waters off coast of Canada |
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Why did the Americans win the war?
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-Americans fought on their own land, while British had bring troop and supplies across the Atlantic
-British depended on support from the sea --> ships were blocked, cut off from supplies and reinforcements -British sucessfully occupied American cities, but had difficuly controlling the countryside -Americans knew the land and were able the fight using guerrilla tactics that the British had difficulty defending against -America received help from other nations [FRANCE: $, supplies, troops SPAIN: supplies and attacked British in Mississippi Valley NETHERLANDS: $] -Washington's leadership skills played critical role in American victory -American Revolution was a people's movement. Outcome depended on determination and spirit of Patriots |