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24 Cards in this Set
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- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Christopher Columbus
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The first European to set foot in the Americas
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Significance: His voyage to the Americas started a huge era of European-American exploration, and all of the land explored by Europe still has its European culture.
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Colony
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A land controlled by a distant nation
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Significance: The colonies the Europe sent out to America became like a money factory for Europe—ships kept coming back with gold, silver and raw material, and this helped the European countries flourish. Also, since these colonies started growing in size, they eventually became small towns, then cities, and eventually became their own countries.
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Hernando Cortés
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A conquistador who made many colonies in the Americas. He was also the person who conquered the Aztecs
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Significance: Cortés got rid of the Aztec Empire because of his greed for gold.
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Conquistadors
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The Spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the Americas in the 16th Century
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Significance: The Conquistadors claimed a lot of land for Spain in the Americas, fought out many empires, and brought back much gold and many resources to Spain.
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Montezuma II
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The Aztec emperor who tried to force the Spaniards out of Mexico, but failed
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Significance: He gave a lot of gold to the Spaniards because he thought Cortés was a god. He was very gullible.
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Francisco Pizarro
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A conquistador who conquered the Inca empire with an army on only 200 men.
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Significance: He conquered the Inca because of his superior weaponry
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Mestizo
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Of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry
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Significance: By creating a mestizo generation, the Spaniards created a kind of shield of blackmail against the NA’s.
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Encomienda
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A grant of land made by Spain to a settler in the Americas, including the right to use Native Americans as laborers on it
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Significance: Native Americans were worked to death on these lands, and when they started dying due to disease, AA’s had to come and take the position of slave.
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New France
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France’s colonial empire in North America, around the Quebec area
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Significance: The region in Canada that France occupied still has a heavy French influence in the culture
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Jamestown
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An English settlement in 1607 spurred by the stories of French and Spanish success
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Significance: this English settlement combined with other settlements to eventually create the USA
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Puritans
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A group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution in England by founding a colony at Massachusetts Bay in the Early 1600s
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Significance: Like the Pilgrims, these people were a founding colony of the USA.
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New Netherland
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Dutch claims in North America
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Significance: These areas that the Dutch claimed still have streets, cities, monuments, etc. named after Dutch historic figures and symbols
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French and Indian War
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The conflict between Britain and France for control of territory in North America, lasting from 1754 through 1763
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Significance: This war symbolized the European nations’ aggressiveness in claiming territory in the North and South America, or “The New Land” as the Europeans called it.
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Metacom
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A Native American ruler, also known as King Philip, who waged a savage war against the colonists in Jamestown
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Significance: This showed that the NA’s were trying to get the European invaders out of their land. He delayed expansion and caused the colonists to have to endure some pain because he destroyed 52 colonial villages.
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Atlantic slave trade
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The buying, transporting, and selling of Africans for work in the Americas
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Significance: The African Slaves that were brought over to the Americas created the African American population in the Americas
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Triangular trade
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The transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between Africa, Europe, England, the West Indies, and North American colonies
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Significance: This trade was significant to the American colonies because it brought them African Slaves, and this created current African American populations in the Americas. The Triangular Trade was significant to Europe because it helped the countries flourish by bringing them gold, silver, and raw materials from the Americas. This trade was significant to Africa because it took away many generations of healthy Africans. It also gave the Africans guns, and that created mass chaos between warring tribes
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Middle passage
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The voyage that brought captured Africans to the West Indis, and later to the Americas, to be sold as slaves—so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade
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Significance: This trade route was the main cause of the African Americans we see today.
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Columbian Exchange
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The global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the European colonization of America
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Significance: This created a Biodiversity in the Americas which we still see today, such as horses, and the diseases that were brought killed many prone NA slaves, which created a demand for slaves, and from here they looked at the Africans for support
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Commercial Revolution
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The expansion of trade and business that transformed European colonies during the 16th and 17th centuries
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Significance: This helped the European businesses to flourish in trade and business. In this time, Europe grew and new financial ideas started to spread
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Capitalism
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An economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit
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Significance: Due to so many capitalists financially supporting each other, more ships could be sent over to the Americas and come back with goods.
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Joint-stock company
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A business in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose and then share the profit
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Significance: The investors were able to buy more ships to go over to the Americas and come back with more stuff
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Mercantilism
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An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver by selling more goods than they bought
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Significance: When mercantilism started, the European Nations started gaining money and flourishing.
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Favorable balance of trade
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An economic situation in which a country exports more than it imports (selling more goods abroad than buying goods abroad.
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Significance: Under the favorable balance of trade, The Europeans were able to bring in the money and become powerful.
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Pilgrims
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A group of people who, in 1620, founded the colony of Plymouth in Massachusetts to escape religious persecution in England
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Significance: These people also grew and became one of the founding colonies of the USA.
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