History Ch 18

Front 1

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 1

An 1896 Supreme court case that ruled that racially segregated public facilities were okay, according to the 14th amendment if they were
"seperate but equal"

Front 2

Young Men's Christian Association

Back 2

introduced in Boston in 1851, the YMCA combined evangelism with athletic facilities where men could make themselves "clean and strong"

Front 3

Negro Leagues

Back 3

All African American pro baseball teams where black men could show case athletic ability and race pride. These leagues thrived until desegregation of baseball after World War II

Front 4

Sierra Club

Back 4

founded in 1892, an organization, that was dedicated to the enjoyment and preservation of America's great mountains and wilderness environments. Because of these groups, nation and state governments set aside more public lands for preservation and recreation.

Front 5

National Park Service

Back 5

founded in 1916, a federal agency that provided oversight of the growing system of National parks. Started by President Woodrow Wilson. A year after founding, 13 national parks came to be.

Front 6

National Audubon Society

Back 6

named in honor of naturalist, John James Audubon, a national organization formed in 1901 that broadened government protection for wildlife

Front 7

Comstock Act

Back 7

An 1873 law that prohibited circulation of "Obscene literature" defined as including most info on sex, reproduction, and birth control

Front 8

liberal arts

Back 8

a form of education pioneered by President Charles W. Eliot at Harvard University, where students shaped their own ciricula as they developed skills in research, critical thinking, and leadership

Front 9

Atlanta Compromise

Back 9

An 1895 address by Booker T. Washington that urged whites and African Americans to get along, for the progress of all

Front 10

maternalism

Back 10

belief that women should contribute to civic and political life through their special talents as mothers, Christians, and moral guides. Maternalists created dozens of social reform organizations

Front 11

Women Christian Temperance Union

Back 11

led by Frances Willard, an organization advocating the prohibition of liquor, suffrage, and launched 10s of thousands of women into public life and was the first nationwide organization to identity and condemn domestic violence.

Front 12

National Association of Colored Women

Back 12

Created in 1896 by African American women to provide community support; arranged care for orphans, founded homes for elderly, advocated temperance, and undertook public health campaigns.

Front 13

National American Woman Suffrage Association

Back 13

Union of NWSA & AWSA in 1890. Played a huge role in women's right to vote

Front 14

feminism

Back 14

women should enter the public sphere to work on behalf of others and for their own equal right and advancement. Went beyond women's suffrage to seek professional career acceptance, property rights, and personal relationships.

Front 15

natural selection

Back 15

Charles Darwin's theory that when individual members of species are born with random genetic mutations that are better suited to fit their environment

Front 16

Social Darwinism

Back 16

An idea formed by Herbert Spencer, taken on by American Yale Professor William Graham Sumner, that human society advanced through competetition's "survival of the fittest"

Front 17

Eugenics

Back 17

a science that argued mentally deficient people should be prevented form reproducing

Front 18

realism

Back 18

movement that called for writers and artists to picture daily life as precisely and truly as possible

Front 19

naturalism

Back 19

a branch of realism and a literary movement that said humans didn't have control of their destiny; their destiny was beyond their control

Front 20

modernism

Back 20

a movement that rejected realism, questioned ideals of progress and order, and emphasized new cultural reforms. It began in the 20th century and remains in effect today

Front 21

American Protective Association

Back 21

a powerful political organization made up of militant protestants (at one point, 2 million of them) who had anti-Catholic and immigrant restrictions. They foreshadowed the revived KKK in the 1920s.

Front 22

Social Gospel

Back 22

A movement to renew religious faith through dedication to public welfare and social injustice, reforming both society and self through Christian service

Front 23

fundamentalism

Back 23

term adopted by Protestants (1890s and 1910s) who rejected modernism and historical interpretations of scripture and asserted literal truth of the bible. Fundamentalists have historically seen secularism and religious relativism as markers of sin that God will punish.