Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Hugenots
|
French Protestants
had religious wars with Catholics from 1560s to 1590s |
|
|
Henry IV
|
a Hugenot prince. Became king in 1589. Fought Catholic opposition.
|
|
|
Edict of Nantes
|
issued by Henry IV. Granted the Hugenots religious toleration and other freedoms.He believed in an expansive government. "a chicken in every pot"
|
|
|
Henry IV's death
|
he was killed by an assassin in 1610.
|
|
|
Louis XIII
|
Henry IV's son. Ascended throne at age 10
|
|
|
Hapsburg Empire
|
central european empire that lasted from the 1400's to the 1900's
|
|
|
charles the fifth
|
ruler of the hapsburg empire
|
|
|
philip the second
|
was given spain, the netherlands, some southern italian states, and spain's overseas empireby his father who in 1556 gave up his titles and divided it among relatives
|
|
|
absolute monarch
|
a ruler with complete authority over the government and lives of the people
|
|
|
divine right
|
the beleif that your authority to rule comes directly from god
|
|
|
Cardinal Richelieu
|
Louis XIII's chief minister. Richelieu tried to destroy the power of the Hugenots and the nobles. He smashed their walls and cities.
|
|
|
Louis XIV
|
inherited the throne after Richelieu's death
|
|
|
Fronde
|
an uprising in France that occurred after Louis XIV became King. All rebelled and rioted. Marazin died in 1661 when Louis was 23 years old
|
|
|
who said "I am the state"
|
Louis XIV
|
|
|
what symbol did Louis XIV choose for himself
|
the sun
|
|
|
armada
|
a fleet of ships
|
|
|
el greco
|
produced haunting paintings and striking portraits of spanish nobles
|
|
|
miguel de cervantes
|
the most important writer of spains "golden age" writer of don quixote
|
|
|
what was Louis XIV's relationship with the Estates general
|
he basically ignored them. He did not once call a meeting with this medeival council made up of representatives of all French social classes between 1614 and 1789
|
|
|
divine right and Louis XIV
|
god given right to rule. Louis XIV believed deeply in this
|
|
|
intendants
|
royal officials who collected taxes, recruited soldiers, and carried out policies in the provinces.
|
|
|
Jean Baptiste Colbert
|
Louis's finance minister
-made France the wealthiest state in Europe imposed mercantilist policies to strengthen the economy -cleared lands for farming, built up luxury trades -put tariffs on imported goods |
|
|
how did Colbert protect French manufacturers
|
by putting high tariffs on imported goods
|
|
|
Versaille
|
Louis XIV's palace
very lavish lots of gold |
|
|
levee
|
ritual Louis XIV went through in morning
means levee -high ranking nobles competed for the honor of holding the royal wash bucket |
|
|
balance of power
|
the goal of the alliances between the Dutch, English. Other countries did not want France to dominate Europe.
|
|
|
Treaty of Utrecht
|
ended the War of Spanish Succession
a war in which England and other countries fought to prevent the union of Spain and France |
|
|
Louis's grandson = ?
what was his political role? |
Philip V
inherited the throne of Spain |
|
|
Louis saw this group as a threat to religious and political unity
|
the French Protestants
|
|
|
Louis XIV and the Edict of Nantes
|
he revoked the Edict of Nantes ... this led the Hugenots to flee France
|
|
|
oligarchy
|
government based on private interests
rather than the interests of the whole society |
|
|
Thirty Years' War
|
-ravaged German states and central Europe
-was a series of wars -17th century -Austria and Prussia faired best in this war |
|
|
electors
|
German princes who elected the Holy Roman emperor in the 17th century
|
|
|
causes of the Thirty Years' war
|
-power vacuum created by the existence of the Holy Roman emperor role
--two Protestant noblemen tossed two royal officials out of a castle window in Prague |
|
|
Ferdinand
|
the Catholic Hapsburg king of Boehmia, sought to suppress Protestants and to assert royal power over nobles.
|
|
|
Defenestration of Prague
|
-two Protestant noblemen tossed two royal officials out of a castle window in Prague
This was a step leading to the Thirty Years' War -it sparked a revolt |
|
|
Ferdinand and the reformation
|
when he was elected Holy Roman emperor, he tried to roll back the reformation forces
|
|
|
mercenaries
|
soldiers for hire
|
|
|
effects of the Thirty Years' War
|
-depopulation some estimate that 1/3rd of the people in the German states died
-wolves roamed the cities -territory was burned, crops destroyed |
|
|
Peace of Westphalia
|
a series of treaties that ended the Thirty Years' War
|
|
|
who emerged as a winner after the Thirty Years' War
|
France- gaining territory on its Spanish and German frontiers
|
|
|
who emerged as a loser after the Thirty Years' War
|
Hapsburgs
-had to accept total independence of the princes of the Holy Roman EMpire -Netherlands and Swiss Federation won independence |
|
|
how was German land divided after the Thirty Years' war
|
into 360 states
|
|
|
what was the Holy Roman emperor's power after the Thirty Years' War?
|
the 360 German states still followed the rule of the Holy Roman Emperor
|
|
|
why was it difficult to unite German lands
|
-they included diverse peoples and cultures
-different languages -different laws -different political assemblies |
|
|
the Hapsburgs never developed...
|
centralized government
|
|
|
James I
|
ruling king of scotland, heir to the tudor throne, first stuart monarch
|
|
|
dissenter
|
protestant who differed with the church of england
|
|
|
puritans
|
members of an english protestant church group who wanted to "purify" the church of england by making it more simple and more morally strict
|
|
|
charles I
|
son of james I inherited the throne, like his father he was an absolute monarch
|
|
|
oliver cromwell
|
leader of the roundheads
|
|
|
Maria Theresa
|
-the daughter of Emperor Charles VI
-intelligent, capable, -Charles wanted others to acknowledge her right to rule -she got help from Hungarians during the War of Austrian Succession -she preserved her empire even though Frederick of Prussia didn't leave |
|
|
causes of The War of the Austrian Succession
|
-after Charles' death, Frederick II of prussia sized the rich Hapsburg province of Silesia
|
|
|
The War of the Austrian Succession
|
-8 year conflict over the Hapsburg province of Silesia
-the Hungarians helped Austria |
|
|
result of The War of the Austrian Succession
|
-Frederick II stayed in Hapsburg
-Maria Theresa preserved her empire -she strengthened the empire -she helped get tax money from all classes |
|
|
Prussia
|
a Catholic state
Protestant molded by Austria |
|
|
Frederick William I
|
-Prussian ruler
-reduced nobles' independence -increased his control -developed a well-trained army |
|
|
junkers
|
Prussian nobles
|
|
|
what two basic rivalries persisted in Europe by 1750?
|
1) Prussia v. Austria for control of German states
2) Britain and France competed to develop oversees empires |
|
|
Seven Years' War
|
1756-1763 (truly 7 years)
-fought on 4 continents -also known as the French and Indian War |
|
|
The Treaty of Paris
|
ended the Seven Years War
-gave Britain a huge empire |
|
|
Peter the Great
|
-used his power to put Russia on the road to becoming a great modern power
|
|
|
What was Russia like in the 1600s?
|
still in a medieval state untouched by the Renaissance or Reformation
|
|
|
westernization
|
-policy of Peter the Great
-he brought westerners to Russia to spread the adoption of western ideas, technology and culture |
|
|
autocratic
|
having unlimited power
|
|
|
boyar
|
-landowning nobles
-Peter the Great forced this group to serve the state in civilian or military positions |
|
|
english bill of rights
|
series of acts passed by the british parliament in 1689 that limited the rights of the monarchy ensured the superiority of parliament
|
|
|
limited monarchy
|
a type of goverment in which a constitution or legislative body limits the moarchs power
|
|
|
constitutional government
|
government whos power is defined and limited by law
|
|
|
cabinet
|
parliamentary advisors to the king who originally met in a small room or "cabinet"
|
|
|
oligarchy
|
government in which ruling power belongs to a few people
|
|
|
warm-water-port
|
a port that would be free of ice all year round
|
|
|
St. Petersburg
|
capital city and major port that peter the great established in 1703
|
|
|
Catherine the Great
|
new monarch after Peter the Great
|
|
|
Partition
|
agreement to divide up something
|
