History Ap 2 Ch. 17 Vocab

Front 1

Great Plains

Back 1

A treeless, nearly flat, endless "sea of grassy hills".
Between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains.

Front 2

"Crowd Nobody"

Back 2

Statement by Horace Greeley urging Easterners to move West. Ignoring that there is already a large number of people living out West.

Front 3

"Indian Country"

Back 3

All of the land west of the Mississippi designated as one big reservation by the U.S. government.

Front 4

Chivington Massacre

Back 4

An incursion in which Colorado militia, led by Colonel John M. Chivington, killed and scalped hundreds of Native American men, women , and children.

Front 5

Red Cloud

Back 5

A Sioux chief, who was determined to stop the trail leading the gold miners through his lands.

Front 6

Fetterman Massacre

Back 6

Red Cloud led Fetterman out into the wilderness, and then killed all 82 of Fetterman's men.

Front 7

Buffalo Soldiers

Back 7

African American cavalrymen stationed on the frontier after the Civil War to keep order, and deal with Native Americans.

Front 8

Red River War

Back 8

War in which the U.S. Army defeated the Kiowa and Comanche bringing an end to war in the Southwest.

Front 9

Sitting Bull

Back 9

Famous Sioux medicine man, who helped lead them to victory at Little Big Horn. Would later on lead the Lakota people on their reservation.

Front 10

Crazy Horse

Back 10

A great Sioux War Chief, who led the Sioux forces to victory over U.S. forces at the Battle of Little Big Horn.

Front 11

George Armstrong Custer

Back 11

The leader of U.S. forces at their defeat at the Battle of Little Big Horn.

Front 12

7th Cavalry

Back 12

A cavalry unit created during the Civil War. Defeated at the Battle of Little Big Horn. Would commit the Wounded Knee Massacre.

Front 13

Nez Perce Tribe

Back 13

Led by Chief Joseph, the Nez Perce Tribe fled Oregon, defeating the pursuing enemy at every turn, until running out of supplies.

Front 14

Chief Joseph

Back 14

Led the Nez Perce Tribe on its big 75 day fighting withdrawal from Oregon.

Front 15

Wovoka

Back 15

Messiah who convinced the Sioux people to perform Ghost Dances, which would restore the land to the way things were before the whites arrived.

Front 16

Ghost Dance

Back 16

A dance which would restore the Americas to the way things were before the whites set foot on that part of the world.

Front 17

Wounded Knee Massacre

Back 17

An incident in which American soldiers returned fire, killing about two hundred men, women, and children.

Front 18

Assimilation

Back 18

The process that would help the Native Americans adapt to "civilization". Teaching them the ways of the white.

Front 19

Court of Indian Offenses

Back 19

A court created by Congress in 1882 to try Native Americans who broke laws.

Front 20

Dawes Severalty Act

Back 20

Passed in Congress in 1887, the Act divided the lands into small plots of land that were distributed to individuals, rather than to a tribe. Aiming to civilize the Native Americans.

Front 21

Extermination of the Buffalo

Back 21

When buffalo hunters and railroad companies killed millions of buffalo, which the Plains Indians relied on.

Front 22

Buffalo BIll Cody

Back 22

Most famous buffalo hunter, killing up to 100 of the beasts a day.

Front 23

Gold Rush of 1849

Back 23

A mass movement to far Western states, such as California and Oregon. In the search for gold that was discovered in those areas.

Front 24

Overland Trail

Back 24

A long trail stretching from east to west, over which great caravans, some 150 wagons long, headed west.

Front 25

Homestead Act of 1862

Back 25

Sold about 100 million acres to corporations and 128 million to railroads. Gave 160 acres to any who would pay a $10 fee and pledge to live on and cultivate the land.

Front 26

Timber Culture Act of 1873

Back 26

Allowed homesteaders to claim an additional 160 acres if they planted on a quarter of it with four years.

Front 27

Timber and Stone Act of 1878

Back 27

Allowed anyone in California, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington to buy up to 160 acres of forest land for $2.50 an acre.

Front 28

National Reclamation Act

Back 28

Set aside most of the proceeds from the sale of public land for the funding of irrigation systems.

Front 29

"Hydraulic" Society

Back 29

Western society that had many cities and crops but was always in danger of outrunning the water.

Front 30

Romualdo Pacheco

Back 30

An aristocratic native who served as governor of California, and then went on to Congress.

Front 31

Las Gorras Blancas

Back 31

"The White Caps", a secret organization of Spanish Americans that attacked the movement of Anglo ranchers into the Las Vegas community.

Front 32

"Instant Cities"

Back 32

Cities were nearly instantly created by huge, quick movements of people following the mining.

Front 33

Placer Mining

Back 33

Average people would head out with a shovel and wash pan and collect what metals they could.

Front 34

Comstock Lode

Back 34

The finding of nearly pure silver and gold out at Pike's Peak, worth $3,876 a ton.

Front 35

Chienese Exclusion Act

Back 35

Passed by Congress in 1882, it suspended immigration of Chienese laborers for ten years.

Front 36

Foreign Miners Tax

Back 36

A $20 a month liscensing fee, which drove out most foreign miners.

Front 37

Vaqueros

Back 37

Mexican counterparts of cowboys, who actually developed the techniques and introduced the longhorn.

Front 38

Wyoming Stock Growers Association

Back 38

The largest and most formidable ranching association. Had four hundred members owning two million cattle.

Front 39

Exodusters

Back 39

African Americans who left their homes in the South to establish new lives out west.

Front 40

Dry Farming

Back 40

Plowing furrows and creating dust mulch to fill the furrows. Loosened the soil and slowed evaporation, making farming on the Plains possible.

Front 41

National Grange

Back 41

The National Grange of the Patrons of Husbandry. Formed by Oliver H. Kelley to lighten up farmers lives.

Front 42

Bonanza Farms

Back 42

Farms, run by new machinery and financed by outside sources. Vastly increased the output of farming in the country.

Front 43

Turners Thesis

Back 43

A thesis created by Frederick Jackson Turner stating that there is no longer a definitive frontier line out west.