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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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women in psychology
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-before 1980's women were present but there were very few
-from 1975-2000 women went from 30% to 70% of new PhD's in Psychology |
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Aesara of Lucania
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-pre-modern thinker
-lived between 425 BC and 100 AD -wrote "book on human nature" -proposed 3-part soul like aristotle |
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St. Hildegard of Bingen
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-pre-modern woman thinker
-1098-1179 -theory of health/disease - based on bodily fluids -practiced forerunner of psychotherapy |
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Mary Whiton Calkins
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-Pre WWII
-mid 1800's-1900's -studied under William James at Harvard, but was refused PhD -APA president un 1905, 1st woman -Known for: 1. paired associate memory task 2.trying to integrate structuralism (introspection) and functionalism |
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Margret F. Washburn
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-1871-1939 USA - 10 years after Calkins
-studied at cornell under Titchner -1st woman to be granted in PhD in psychology (1894) -APA president in 1921 -Known for: 1. studies in comparative psychology-compares different organisms 2.defending concept of consciousness in face of behaviorism (during presidency) |
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Functionalism & Women
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-male variability hypothesis:
--women have less variation on the average in all cognitive areas --assumption that with men, some are much smarter than most and women wont stand out as much -both Caulkins and Washburn remained unmarried: may have had to choose between scholarship and family |
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Anne Anastasi
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-1908-2001 USA
-APA president in 1972 -Known for: 1. work in psychometrics 2. challenging traditional interpretation of IQ tests |
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Mamie Phipps Clark
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-1917-1983 USA
-worked closely with husband Kenneth Clark -Known for: 1. doll studies suggesting internalization of racism in African American children (desegregation of schools was impacted by this) |
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Elizabeth Loftus
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-1944-present USA
-cognitive psychology -known for: 1. research on malleability of memory 2. research demonstrating that false memories can be formed |
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Marsha Linehan
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-1943-present
-clinical psychologist -known for: 1. developement and empirical validation of dialectic behavior therapy (DBT) - 1st used with depression and borderline personality disorder -- mindfulness -forcing yourself to focus on the here and now and being non-judgemental about it -- challenging thoughts - evidence of thoughts |
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Francis C Smuner
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-1895-1954 USA
-1st African American PhD - under G. Stanley Hall at Clark University in 1920 -known for: 1. started psych department at Howard University (historically black) 2. research in many different areas 3.translating international research sumaries for Psychological Abstracts |
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Claude Steele
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-1946-Present USA
-Social sychologist -known for research on stereotype threat |
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Martha Bernal
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-1931-2001 USA
-1st latia to recieve PhD -Known for: 1. empirically based intervention with children with conduct diorder 2. research on minority mental health and ethnic identity developement |
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the Sue Brothers
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-David, Derald, and Stanley
-Clinical and counseling psychologists -Known for: 1. scholarly work on mental health in and counseling of asian Americans 2. Derald known for research on microaggressions |
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Ethnic Societies
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-American Black Psychologists- 1st ethnic group
-Division 35- women -Division 45- society for psychological study of culture, ethnicity and race |
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Karl Marx and Marxism
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- 1818-1883 Germany, France, England
-political/economic philosopher -developed theory called dialectical materialism (history isprocessof opposites reconciling) -Russia and China have been profoundly influenced by versions of Marxism |
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Basics of Marx's philosophy
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-economic relationships drive human culture and history
-a persons fundamental identity is based in their work -a persons main bargaining chip in society is their labor -property owners exploit the labor of the working class -at some point the working class will realize this and"revolt" -revolt leads to society in which ultimately: everyone shares means of production and profits are distributed according to need |
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Marxismin Russia and China
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-Leninism (Russia)
1. takes name from Vladmir Lenin 2. believed "professional revolutionaries" could impose socialism 3. skipped capitalist stage -Taoism (China) 1. takes name from Mao ZeDong 2. strongly influenced by Leninism |
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Psych in Russia pre-1917
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-late 1800's
-historical context -Tsarism with anti-Tsar movements -church subordinate to the state -large peasantry |
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Ivan Sechenov
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-1892-1905
-"father of russian psychology" and physiological psych -worked with Helmholtz and Mendeleev (periodic table) -best known for work on central inhibition: 1.parts of the brain, as well as the spinal cord itself, can inhibit reflexes (all reactions) 2. cannot contribute this to fatigue 3. inverse of what happens during excitation |
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Controversy regarding books
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-Sechenov published books in 1863 & 1866 - he was accused of materialism
-Dosteovsky Crine and Punishment released in early 1866 -April 4 1866: Dmitry Karakozov tries to kill Tsar Alexander II - some implicated Sechenov's materialism as a cause |
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Vladmir Behktorev
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-1857-1927
-neuropathologist and psychiatrist -studied under Wundt and Charcot -Known for: 1. opening 1st experimental lab in Russia 2. reflexology: study of stimulus-response reactions, and arguing against pavlov 3. identified the hippocampal role in memory -may have been poisoned by Stalin |
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Psych in Rusia after 1917-context
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-Lenin and his Bolshevik party take over russia in 1917
-9 million deaths as a result of revolution and ensuing civil war -ultimately: tight state control over everything -20 million deaths under stalin (1924-1953) -after WWII "thaw" in Cold War regarding sciences |
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Lev Vygotsky
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-1896-1934
-dev. psychologist and educator -developed cultural historical psychology: 1. higher-order psychological processes develop via social interactions 2. internalization: theseprocesses move from external socio-cultural world to inside person -Vygotsky circle: scholars who trace intellectualheritage back to vygotsky -work was suppressed after death because he thought conscious was still relevant and was strongly influenced by Gestalt psychology |
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Alexander Luria
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-1902-1977
-neuropsychologist -student and colleague of vygotsky -known for: 1.pioneering cross-cultural studies in USSR 2.studies on brain damage ( result of WWII) 3. developed theory of brain function that serves as basis for 2 major psychological tests: -Luria-Nebraska neuropsychological Battery -Kaufman Assesment battery for children |
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Psych in re-modern China
Confusianian |
-Confucious 551-479 BC
-provided social insights -set of social values that lead to nobility (or character) -importance of upbringing, education, and self-awareness |
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Taoism
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-Lao Tzu 500's BC
-Tao=the way -oppositional forces in world: nede to find integrated, middle way, yin/yang -influenced by carl jung |
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Psych Testing in China- Civil Service Exam
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-content: knowledge and analysis of Chinese classics in philosophy and lit.
-system began no later than Sui dynasty (581-618) -various purposes: 1.limit the aristocracy 2.equal opportunity 3.confucionalization 4. motivation to go to school |
