History And Systems Exam 2

Front 1

Hume:

Back 1

causality is not inherent in physical elements, it is attributed. People largely function " on automatic". The importance of "self" is overrated.

Front 2

Empiricism, Associationism, and utilitarianism happened in what centuries?

Back 2

1600s-1800s

Front 3

John Locke:

Back 3

empiricism. Elements become associated into ideas. Not completely empiricist, however, regarded education as important. Child is born as a blank slate.

Front 4

Hartley & Associanism:

Back 4

human knowledge is not innate but grows from gradual associations of sensory data.

Front 5

Bentham & Utilitarianism

Back 5

society as a behaving unit, in which the greater good is critical.

Front 6

John Stuart Mill 1806-1873

Back 6

Feminism, equality and the use of probability and psychological thinking. His philosophy of science but the older and pierces him of Bacon and Locke on modern footing and lent plausibility to the claim that an experimental science of mind was within reach.

Front 7

Who coined the term utilitarian?

Back 7

John Stuart Mill. he was also a utilitariaianist. He also believed in equality of opportunity. Behavior is not absolute it's probabilistic.

Front 8

Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832)

Back 8

founder of utilitarianism. Argued against intuitive approaches to jurisprudence that resulted in punishments that do not fit the crime and argued for a rational system of punishments and rewards and the need to maximize pleasure for the greatest possible number of people.

Front 9

Jeremy Bentham was very loved and stood for?

Back 9

Utilitarianism. A society is just like the human body. This is the beginning of the reason why we are here. Most people before World War II couldn't afford to go to a university. Greatest good for the greatest number.

Front 10

Rationalism:

Back 10

concept that you should be rational. Ascertaining Platonic ideals without really being plutonic. A philosophical orientation deriving from the Latin ratio, meaning to reason or think. Rationalist philosophers typically emphasize a priori knowledge, deduction, and the concept of an active mind that selectively organizes sensory data.

Front 11

René Descartes (1596-1650)

Back 11

French philosopher who is often regarded as the founder of modern philosophy. He made extensive original contributions and a variety of areas. He helped elaborate early scientific methodology, provided rich and often testable hypotheses about the relationships between behavior and physiology, and is regarded as one of the key figures in modern rationalism.

Front 12

Descartes:

Back 12

Mathematician. Unusual one, never got up before noon, said he had all his great ideas still in bed. Mathematics and graph paper XY coordinates.

Front 13

Extreme reductionist: invents XY coordinates?

Back 13

Descartes. Thoroughgoing empiricist, extreme reductionist. Experience provides the material for reflection. Cut things down as small as possible, start with the simplest, be complete and doubt everything.

Front 14

Cogito Ergo Sum:

Back 14

I think therefore I am. Descartes.

Front 15

who said that the mind-body dualism controlled that the pineal, the seat of the soul & that the body is a machine controlled hydraulically?

Back 15

Descartes. he believed in dualism. Body is corruptible, soul is not. Soul is the thing of God.

Front 16

True or false. Descartes believes that the soul is gaseous.

Back 16

True. He believed the seat of the soul, pineal gland is at the base of the brain.

Front 17

Who developed calculus?

Back 17

Leibniz.

Front 18

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (1646-1716)

Back 18

German rational philosopher and mathematician who sought ways to reconcile the legitimate claims of monism and pluralism. He advocated a universal language and a world united by reason and international government. Leibniz and Isaac Newton independently discovered the differential calculus.

Front 19

Who employed the term monad?

Back 19

Leibniz To refer to the principle of existence. He believed that the world consisted of many independent monads, that all monads are harmonious with all other monads. Thus, for him, there is a real mental world and that world is completely harmonious with a real physical or physiological world. Hence, mind and body are both real but completely harmonious and independent.

Front 20

Leibniz's Monadology:

Back 20

Man as clock. Synchronized it differently. Monad isn't to the harmonious with universe. Uniformitarianism- nature never leaps. Monad> entity entirely harmonious with the universe. God has synchronized us but differently. Huge problem comes out of this, no evolutionary theory. Uniformitarianism had it wrong.

Front 21

Uniformitarianism:

Back 21

the belief that evolutionary changes on Earth occur gradually over vast stretches of time. "Nature never leaps."

Front 22

Christian von Wolff (1679-1754)

Back 22

German philosopher and author of early books titled in care of psychology and rational psychology. Wolff believed in both empirical and rational approaches to psychology, that argued that rational approaches would be more fruitful and lead to the discovery of principles by which the mind operates.

Front 23

Who used the term psychology in the press?

Back 23

Wolff. Uses term "psychology" in press-refers to the rational analysis of the soul.

Front 24

Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

Back 24

one of the great German philosopher's, remembered for his attempts to reconcile empirical and rational approaches to knowledge. Kant believed that knowledge begins with experience, but in his view, there are meaningful connections in experience itself. Kant also advanced an early theory of moral development and was interested in problems associated with nationalism.

Front 25

Who thought knowledge begins with sensory experience, however, percepts are given to us by concepts. Started off as an associanist, learn from the bottom up. That which is perceived gives way to that that is known.

Back 25

Kant

Front 26

Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679)

Back 26

one of the 1st of the modern philosophers to advance a thoroughgoing mechanistic account of human behavior. He also argued that self interest serves as the primary basis for motivation.

Front 27

Jan Swammerdam (1637-1680)

Back 27

With a nerve-muscle preparation, Swammerdam performed a series of classical experiments demonstrating that a flexed muscle could not possibly grow larger because of the inflow of animal of animal spirits. Swammerdam's demonstrations were contrary to predictions derived from the theory of nervous action advanced by Descartes.