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165 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Civil War
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Lasted from 1861-1865 and cost 65,000 lives
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Reconstruction
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The responsibility of the victors of the war. It means the defeating side's army stays behind after the battle is won and ensures that the area they defeated has a better version of government and other factors that make up a land. It's taking responsibility for their changes and making sure that the changes actually take place
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Thirteenth Amendment
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Ratified in December 1865 and abolished slavery throughout the Union
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Fourteenth Amendment
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Was a Civil Rights Act that passed on June 16, 1866 and was ratidied on July 28, 1868. It reaffirmed state and federal citizenship for persons born or naturalized in the States and forbade any state the right to abridge the priveledges of citizens or deny them life, liberty, or property without due process of law
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Fifteenth Amendment
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Ratified in 1870 it forbade the states to deny any person the vote on the grounds of race, color, or previous condition of servitude
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Homestead Act
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1862-- Authorized Congress to grant 160 acres of public land to western settler, who had only to live on the land for 5 years to establish title
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Freedman
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former slave
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Freedman's Bureau
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Reconstruction agency that established in 1865 to protect the legal rights of former slaves and to assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning
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Lincoln's 10 Percent Plan
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any rebel state could form a Union in government whenever the number equal to 10% of those who had voted in 1860 took an oath of allegiance to the Constitution and the Union and had received the presidentail pardon
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Radical Republicans
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Senators and congressmen who, strictly identifying the Civil War with the abolitionist cause, sought swift emancipation of the slaves, punishment of the rebels, and tight controls of the former Confederate states after the war
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Sic Semper Tyrannis
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Thus Always to Tyrants - what John Wilkes Booth siad when he assassinated Lincoln it was the motto of W.V.
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Andrew Johnson
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The man that took over after Lincoln was assassinated; he was a War Democrat who had been put on the Union Ticket as a gesture of unity
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Black Codes (1865-1866)
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Laws that were passed in the southern states to restrict the rigths of former slaves, to combat the codes, Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment and set up military governments in southern states that refused to ratify the ammendment
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Carpetbaggers
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Northern emigrants who participated in the Republican governments of the Reconstrution South
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Scalawags
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Southern white Republicans - some former Unionists - who served in tReconstruction South
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Klu Klux Klan
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prototype of the terrorist groups; established in 1866 by some young men from Tenessee it was meant to be a social club with costumes, secret ritual, they were a group of pranksters for some time but became the intimidation of blacks and white Republicans
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Ulysses S. Grant
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president through the collapse of the Republican rule in the South, little political experience but had a good record as a war leader, was a Republican
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Election of 1876
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Hayes - the Republican candidate from Ohio (3 time governor from there) he had a name as a civil service reformer and was offensive to neither side
Tilden - The democratic candidate who was a millionaire corporation lawyer and reform governor form New York who had directed a campaign to overthrow the notorious Tweed Ring controlling New York politics and the CAnal Ring of Albany |
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bloody shirts
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comes from the Republicans, it means they engaged in verbalk assaults on former COnfederates and the spirit of rebellion
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Compromise of 1877
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Deal made by a special congressional commission on March 2, 1877 to resolve the disputed presidential election of 1876; Republican Hayes, who had lost the popular vote, was declared the victor in exhange for the withdrawl of federal troops form the south, end of Reconstructiomn
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Redeemer/ Bourbon
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Conservative white Democrats, many of whom had been planters or businessmen before teh Civil War, who reclaimes control of the South following the end of Recon.
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New South
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Atlanta Constitution Editor Henry W. Grady's 1886 term for the prosperous post - Civil War South that he envisioned: democratic, industrail, urban and free of nostalgia for the defeated plantaion south
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Henry Grady -
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Supported the idea of the New South, he was the editior of the Atlanta Constitution and used his newspaer to convince people to work towards the New South nd gave many sppeches to that end
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Duke Family
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key to the rise of the tobacco industry; the father figure of this family had nearly nothing to his name at the close of teh Civil War but bought a barnful of tobacco and prepared it and sold it and the family wealth grew generation to generation
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Pittsburgh of the South
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Birmingham, Alabama because it was full of factories and industrial, had great iron and steel factories
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Tenancy
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renting of farmland by workers who owned their own equipement, tenant farmers kept a larger percentage of the crop than did sharecroppers
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convict lease
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system developed pot Civil War South that generated income for the states and satisfied planters need for cheap labor by renting prisoners out, the convicts were often treated poorly
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Jim Crowe Laws
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mandated public segregation of blacks
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Poll tax
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tax that must be paid in order to be eligible to vote, used as an effective means of disenfranchising black citizens after the Civil War, since they often could not afford the modest fee
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grandfatehr clause
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loophole created by southern disenfranchising legislatures of the 1892 for illiterate white males whose grandfatehrs had been eligible to vote in 1867
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Plessy vs. Fergesun
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US Supreme court decision supporting the Jim Crowe Laws that permitted or required seperate but equal facilities for blacks and whites
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Ida Wells
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One of the most outspoken black activists, born into slavery, orphaned at the age of six by the yellow fever, filed a suit after being denied a seat on the railroad, worked against lynchings and was a journalist
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Booker T. Washington -
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tried to get rights for blacks, no social rights though, rebuilding from ground up, wanted economic strength
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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from the North, born free, recieved a PHD from Harvard came up with the idea of the talented tenth , acheieved a lot bu the main acheivemnets happened after his death
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Great Amercian Desert
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Frt Smith, Arkansas to California border no one lived there unless they were running form something
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exodusters
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a group of african americans who imigrated west to make their exodus out of segregation and to get away from racism and poverty
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buffalo soilders
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mostly civil war veterans who came from Kentucky or Lousiana and built forts, mapped vast areas of the Southwest, strung hundreds of miles of telegraph lines , protected railroad construction cres, subdued hostile Indians
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Comstock Lode
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mine that produced gold and silver and was excavated and earned the miners more than 300 million
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1867 report on the Condition of Indian Tribes
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led to an act to establish an Indian Peace Commission charged with ending the Sioux War and removing the causes of Indian wars in general. It was kind of a gatehring of evidence on the grisly wars and massacres
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Cheif Joseph
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the cheif of Nez Perce who tried to avoid war by fleeoing and was eventually caught thirty miles short of the Canadian border and exiled to Oklahoma with the Indians
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Geronimo
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A chief of the Chiricahua Apaches who had fought white settlers for 15 years and his capture led to end of a generation of Indian Wars
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Ghost Dance
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ceremonial dance that was supposed to bring the Indians Some one to save them from the terrible apoycolipse they were experiencing. It was to bring the revival of Indian ways
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Wounded Knee
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last accident of the Indian Wars took place in 1890 in Dakota Territory where the US calvary killed over 200 Sioux men, women, and children who were in the process of surrender
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Dawes Severuty Act
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an act that permitted the president to divide the lands of any tribe and grant 160 acres to the head of each family and lesser amounts to tothers. The property would be owned by the government for 25 years and then become the property of the person who had worked it
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Gustavus Swift
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developed a way to keep meat cold
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Joseph Glidden
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Illionois famer who created barbed wire
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Range Wars
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cowboys vs. cowboys or cowboys vs. settlers lasted for decades and killed men
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Frederick Jackson Turner
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a historian who wrote the familiar thesis that guided serval scholars in their understanding of the distinct characteristics of American history
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The Second Industrial Revolution
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involved three related developments which were the creation of an interconnected national transportation and communication network, the use of electrical powere, and the application of scientific research to industrial processes
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Union Pacific
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one of the train compoanies that Lincoln had build a railroad from Omaha to Sacremento. The Union Pacific was pushed through quickly so the job was done less than well and would have to be redone later but they built more of the railway had a crew of ex-soliders and blacks and Irish people and they had bad conditions but they won the race
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Central APcific
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mainly Chinese workers lured by the Californai gold rushes and only did 689 miles of the railway
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Coolie
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single males intent upon accumulating money and then returning to their homeland where they could afford to marry and buy land
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robber barons
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ruthless individuals, tended to be very conscious of the economy, tended to see things that others didn't, tended to be very good at recognizing telent
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Alexander Graham Bell
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creator of the telephone which was patented in 1876
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Thomas Edison
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invented the phonograph and the light bulb
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George Westinghouse
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professional inventor, solved the problem of stopping trains - neumatic braking - makes it easier to run the trains faster
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Battle of the Currents
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Conflict in the late 1880s between inventors Edison and Westinghouse over direct versus alternating electric currents, westinghouse's alternating current the winner allowed electricity to travel over long distances
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Standard Oil
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owned by Rockefellar it cut out the middleman
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Vertical integration
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Company's avoidance of middlemen by producing its own supplies and providing distribution of its product
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The Gospel of Wealth
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Carnegie - if you defeat your business opponent then you should do what you can to create a ladder so that others may climb financially
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Investment Bacnking
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loaning money so that another person may satrt a business and will eventually benefit you
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Investment Bacnking
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loaning money so that another person may satrt a business and will eventually benefit you
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Investment Bacnking
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loaning money so that another person may satrt a business and will eventually benefit you
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Sears, Roebuck, and Company catalog
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conicopia of goods could be sent to your home
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Sears, Roebuck, and Company catalog
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conicopia of goods could be sent to your home
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Molly Maguires
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Irish group that was incited by dangerous working conditons in the mines and the owners brutal efforts to suppress union activity
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Molly Maguires
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Irish group that was incited by dangerous working conditons in the mines and the owners brutal efforts to suppress union activity
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Great Railroad Strike
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first major strike in American history that came after wages had been cut because of the impending depression
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Sears, Roebuck, and Company catalog
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conicopia of goods could be sent to your home
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Great Railroad Strike
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first major strike in American history that came after wages had been cut because of the impending depression
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Sand Lot incident
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the Snad Lot was a meeting to express sympathy for the strikers but ended in attacks of the Chinese ans they all joined a group
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Molly Maguires
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Irish group that was incited by dangerous working conditons in the mines and the owners brutal efforts to suppress union activity
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Sand Lot incident
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the Snad Lot was a meeting to express sympathy for the strikers but ended in attacks of the Chinese ans they all joined a group
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Knights of Labor
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Founded in 1869,the first national union picked up many memebers after the disastrous 1877 railraod strike but lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor
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Great Railroad Strike
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first major strike in American history that came after wages had been cut because of the impending depression
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propaganda of the deed
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brought by the anarchists
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Sand Lot incident
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the Snad Lot was a meeting to express sympathy for the strikers but ended in attacks of the Chinese ans they all joined a group
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Knights of Labor
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Founded in 1869,the first national union picked up many memebers after the disastrous 1877 railraod strike but lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor
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Haymarket Affair
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Riot during an anarchist protest at Haymarket Square in Chicago on May 4 1886 over violence during the McCormick Harvester Company Strike, the deaths of 11, including seven policemen, helped hasten the demise of the Knights of Labor, even though they were not responsible for the riot
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Knights of Labor
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Founded in 1869,the first national union picked up many memebers after the disastrous 1877 railraod strike but lasted, under the leadership of Terence V. Powderly, only into the 1890s; supplanted by the American Federation of Labor
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propaganda of the deed
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brought by the anarchists
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American Federation of Labor
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Founded in 1881 as a federation of trade unions, the AFl under president Samuel Gompers successfully pused for the eight hour workday
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propaganda of the deed
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brought by the anarchists
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closed shop
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hiring requirement that all workers in a business must be union members
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Haymarket Affair
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Riot during an anarchist protest at Haymarket Square in Chicago on May 4 1886 over violence during the McCormick Harvester Company Strike, the deaths of 11, including seven policemen, helped hasten the demise of the Knights of Labor, even though they were not responsible for the riot
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Haymarket Affair
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Riot during an anarchist protest at Haymarket Square in Chicago on May 4 1886 over violence during the McCormick Harvester Company Strike, the deaths of 11, including seven policemen, helped hasten the demise of the Knights of Labor, even though they were not responsible for the riot
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American Federation of Labor
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Founded in 1881 as a federation of trade unions, the AFl under president Samuel Gompers successfully pused for the eight hour workday
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union preference shop
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could hire otehrs if union members were not available
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closed shop
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hiring requirement that all workers in a business must be union members
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American Federation of Labor
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Founded in 1881 as a federation of trade unions, the AFl under president Samuel Gompers successfully pused for the eight hour workday
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closed shop
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hiring requirement that all workers in a business must be union members
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union preference shop
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could hire otehrs if union members were not available
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homestead strike
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violent strike at the Carnegie Steel Company near Pittsburgh in 1892 that culminated in the disintegration of the Amalgamated Association of the Iron and Steel Workers, the first steelworkers union
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union preference shop
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could hire otehrs if union members were not available
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homestead strike
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violent strike at the Carnegie Steel Company near Pittsburgh in 1892 that culminated in the disintegration of the Amalgamated Association of the Iron and Steel Workers, the first steelworkers union
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pullman strike
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strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company in the town of Pullman Illinois on May 11 1894 by the American Railway Union under Eugene V. Debs the strike was crushed by court injunctions and the federal troops 2 months later
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homestead strike
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violent strike at the Carnegie Steel Company near Pittsburgh in 1892 that culminated in the disintegration of the Amalgamated Association of the Iron and Steel Workers, the first steelworkers union
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pullman strike
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strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company in the town of Pullman Illinois on May 11 1894 by the American Railway Union under Eugene V. Debs the strike was crushed by court injunctions and the federal troops 2 months later
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pullman strike
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strike against the Pullman Palace Car Company in the town of Pullman Illinois on May 11 1894 by the American Railway Union under Eugene V. Debs the strike was crushed by court injunctions and the federal troops 2 months later
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Mother Jones
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most colorful and beloved agitator worked for better conditions in the workplace
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Mother Jones
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most colorful and beloved agitator worked for better conditions in the workplace
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Industrial Worker of the World
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Wobblies - Radical Union organized in Chicago in 1905 and nicknamed the Wobblies, its oppostition to WW1 led to its destruction by the fed. government under the Espionage Act
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Mother Jones
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most colorful and beloved agitator worked for better conditions in the workplace
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Industrial Worker of the World
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Wobblies - Radical Union organized in Chicago in 1905 and nicknamed the Wobblies, its oppostition to WW1 led to its destruction by the fed. government under the Espionage Act
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Industrial Worker of the World
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Wobblies - Radical Union organized in Chicago in 1905 and nicknamed the Wobblies, its oppostition to WW1 led to its destruction by the fed. government under the Espionage Act
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Otis Elevator company
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in 1889 they installed the 1st electric elevator making it possible to build taller buildings
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Streetcar Syburbs
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middle class resided in quiet tree lined streets, traveled to city for work
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dumbbell tenements
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6-8 stories tall, jammed together, two feet in between, looked like dumbell from the air
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Ellis Island
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reception center in new york city Harbor through which most European immigrants to America were possessed from 1892 to 1954
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Angel Island
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West Coast counterpart of Ellis Island six miles form San Fran mostly Asian immigrants over 30% denied and detained
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patrones
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hiring agents who would give immigrants whiskey and a job and get a chunk of their wage
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Little Italy, Little Hungary, Chinatown
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immigrant enclaves that served as transitional communities practicce religion, customs
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American Protective Association-
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Nativist, anti-Catholic secret society founded in Iowa in 1887 and active until the end of the Century
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Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
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halted Chinese immigration to the US
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Buffalo Bill's Wild West
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touring extravaganza had cowboys and Indians romanticized the American west
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Vaudeville
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a play accompianed by music featuring comedians, singers, blackface ministrels, farcical plays, animal acts, jugglers, gymnasts, dancers, mines, magicians
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Frederick Law Olmstead
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designer of New Yorks Central PArk - sought to create and oasis os culture that would promote social stability
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safety bicycle
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wheels of equal size and axles with ball bearings - safer to ride
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Coney Island
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popular plae to hang out on the weekends, swimming, vaudeville shows, dance pavilions, restaurants, boardwalks
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Saloon Culture
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kind of public homes that offered food and fellowship, possible jobs, mail letters, gossip, refuge for poor
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Women's Christian Temperance Union
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anti-liquor society charged that saloons tributed to alcoholism, divorce, crime and absenteeism from work - wanted the saloons closed
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Dr. James Naismith
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inventor of basketball nailed two peach baskets to the walls of the YMCA - wanted to create a new indoor game to be played in the winter
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national pastime
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baseball, most democratic sport in America - people form all classes play
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Vassar College
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had basketball, opened in 1865 - 1 st womens college to tach by the same standards of the best manes schools
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John Hopkins U.
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Baltimore 1867 made graduate work its chief concern students worked under supervisoon of an experienced scholar
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William James
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wrote pragmatisism : a new name for some old ways of thinking, Prfesser of Philosophy and Psychology at Harvard - believed that truth came from testing out new ideas
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Local Colonists -
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expressed the nostalgia of people moving from rural to urban movement
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Literary naturalism
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young literary rebels who imported scientific determinism into literature, viewing poeple as part of the animal world, prey to natural forces and internal drives without control or full knowledge of them
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Social Gospel
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preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late 19th century and early 20th century - advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generaated by industrialization
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YMCA
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came from England in the 1850s, grew rapidly, acted as a response from the church of human needs
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Salvation Army
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founded in 1876, came to the US in 1880 another response to human needs
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Jane Addams
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had a Hull House with Ellen Starr, reciever of the Noble Pecae Prize award
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Susan B.Anthony
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demanded that the 14th amendment guarentee the vote for both women and black males president of NAWSA
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Laissez faire calues
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ended in 19th century
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Gilded Age
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Mark Twain and Dudley Warner's 1873 novel, the tilte of which became the popular name for the period form the end of the Reconstructiont o the turn of the century
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Civil Service Reform
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Hayes pushed for it
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Stalwarts
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supported Grants, a Radical Southern policy and the spoils system
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Halfbreeds
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during the presidency of Hayes, 1877-81, a moderate Republican party fation led by senator James Blaine that favored some reforms of civil service reform and a restrained policy toward gthe degfeated South
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the Pendleton Servic Act (1883)
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established the Civial Service C ommission and marked the edn of the spoils system
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James Blaine "the continental liar"
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senator form Maine who ran against Cleveland, part of a chant by the Democrats
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Ma,ma, where's my pa?
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the first half of a chant from the Republicans to conter continental liar
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Party of Rum, Romanism and Rebellion
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what a protestant minister catergorized the democrats as, Blaine let it go which may have impacted the vote
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Wabash Railroad vs. illinois
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Reversing the Supreme Courts ruling in Munn vs. Illinois, the decision disallowed satae regulation of intertstate comerce
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Interstate Commerce Commission
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reacting to the supreme courts ruling in Wabash Railroad v. Illinois, Congress establsihed the ICC to curb abuses in the railroad industry by regualting rates
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tariff
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federal tax on goods
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Sherman Anit-trust act (1890)
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first law to restrict monopolistic and business combinations; extended by the Clayton Anti-trust act of 1914
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The grange
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began as a social and educational response to the famrmers isolation, grew to promote farmer-owned cooperatives for buying and selling of crops, be free from conventional marketplace
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the famers alliance
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two seperate organizations (northwestern and southern) of the 1880s and 1890s that took the place of the grange, worked for similar causes and attrracted landless, as well as landed farmbanks - allow them to exchange crops for household items
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people party (populists)
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political success of the farmers alliance candidate encouraged the formation in 1892 of the national peopl's party, active until 1912, it adopted a variety of reform issues including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal sacvings, regulkation of railroads, direct election of US sebators
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Mary Elizabeth Lease
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a lawyer who took up public speaking on behalf of various causes joined the Alliance and Knights of Labor
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Depression of 1893
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worst depression of the century, set off by railroad failure, too much speculation Wall Street, low agricultural prices
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coxey's army
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protest grouped by Jacob S. Coxey - demanded that the federal government provide employment for the unemployed -- meaningful work
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silverite
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people for currency to be made of silber
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goldbug
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people for currency to be made of gold
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William Jennings Bryan
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Democratic candidate 1896 election - prosilver --lost
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Cross of Gold
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part of bryans infamous speech that was thought to have made him win the election even though he lost to McKinley
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William McKinlye
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Republican candidate of the 1896 election symbolized the mainstream of Republican values WON
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Manifest Destiny
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imperialist phrase first used in 1845 to urge the annexation of texas, used thereafter to encourage American settlement of Europearn and colonial Indian lands in the Great Plains and Far AWest
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Henry Cabot Lodge
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a Senator who was in a small group that agreed to embracde the idea of overseas possessions, regardless of other implications
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Alfred Mahan
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same as abocve (except he was a naval officer) in 1890 published Th eInfluence of Sea Upon History in which he argues that national greatness and prosperity flowed from maritime power an imperialist wannted america to own the Caribbean
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Seward Folly
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William Seward was Secretary of Satte and he believed that Ameica needed to dominate the Pacific o. when alaska went up for sale he lept at the opportunity and America purchased it. critics believed this to be folly but it turned out well
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jose mearti
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leader of the cuban revolt against spanish rule
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reconcentrado
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another word for the dtention centers the cubans were housed in
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yellow journalism
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sensationalism in newspaper publishing that reached a peak in the circulation war between Joseph Pulitzer New York World adn William Randolph Herst New York Journmal in the 1690s the papers accounts of events in Havana harbor in 1898 led directly to the Spanish american war
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u.s.s. maine
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battleship that exploded in Havana Harbor on February 15, 1898 resulting in 266 deaths, the American public suuming the Spanish has mined the ship clamored to war and declared 2 moths later
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