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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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describe social confusion in south after civil war
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destroyed strucutre of prewar southern society. aristo planter shorn of wealth and power yielded to growing influence of bankers, merchants and small farmers
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describe political uncertainity
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collapse of confederacy stopped all governemental process in south
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how did some want to treat south post reconstruction
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some determined that southerners pay crime for secession- since it was illegal. lincoln didnt agree with this bc beleived that right to secede dn exist therefore south did not leave union
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what did texas v white decide
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union constituaiotally indestrucitble- therefore
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what was lincolns 10% plan
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1) set up provisional govt in areas where union army victorious2) issued proclamation of amnesty and reconstruction pardoning all who would swear allegiance to govt of US 3) authorized establishment of new govt for any state if 1/10 of qualified voters of 1860 would take oath of loyalty
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what did lincoln face in opposition to 10% plan
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some feared prez let south off too easy and that former confed officials would immediatley return to political power in their states
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wade davis bill
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congress passed this 1) provdied that a majoirty of while male citizens had to take loyalty oath b4 a civil govt could be organized in a seceded state 2) excluded from electorate of such states former confed officeholders and soldiers
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who seceded lincoln
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johnson- war democrat from tn
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how did johnson react to former confed
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granted amnesty to all former confed who took oath to support union. set up provisional govt in south. ratifired 13th amdendemnt
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how did congress react to this
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refused to seat senators and reps who had been elected by provisional state govt set up under johnson plan. republicans in congress led by thaddeus stevens created joint committeee on reconstruction with 15 members authorized to examine question of political reconstruction and make new plans for congressional action
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who were the raccdical
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opponents of johnson plans
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what were ttheir motives in opposing johnson plan
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1) animosity to johnson 2) fear of exec encroachment on congress 3) resentment over speedy return of ex confed to political power in south 4) determination of repub politicams to create repub party in south 5) humanitarian desire to safeguard norht 6.
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freedmens bill
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congress created freedmens bureau to protect and provide for newly emancipated blacks
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civil rights bill
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citizenship to black andassuring equality of treatment b4 law
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black codes
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conferred some rights of citizenship upon negroes but narrowly restricted econ and political activities
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fourteenth amendment
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1) citizenship was conferred on every person born or naturalized in US and state laws abridging civil rights 2) states whoch deprived negro of ballot were to suffer reduction of representation in congress proportionate to number denied right to vote 3) ex confed barred from holding office 4) confed debt was repudiated and validity of US debt affirmed
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reconstruction acts
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military reconstrcution act: 10 states still unreconstructed to be divided into 5 military districts w/major general in command of each; constitutioanl conventions elected by blacks and loyal whites to frame constitutions providing for black suffrage ; qualified voters to elect state legislatures to ratify 14th amdenemtn; with radification of 14th amendment states could apply for representation to congress
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what did enactment of reconstruction acts show
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marked beginning of reign of radicals was far more significant than an attempt to punish south for failure to ratify 14th amdendment.
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why was repbu party created
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as political protest against slavery
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why did the repub try to impeach johnson
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congressional leaders of radical faction were hindred by inablity to control prez office. so tried to humiliate him nd thus remove any constitituional check on policies
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tenure of offfice act
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congress forbade the prez to remove federal officeholders w/o consent of senate
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why was johnson impeached
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violated tenure of office act
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describe johnson's trial
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argued that tenure of office act was unconstitutional and was saved
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waht did policy of military reconstruction do
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pushed viguoruosly by radicals and hastened changes in econ and social life of the southand took political power from upper classes
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immediately after reconstruction act where there more black or white voters
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black
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fifteenth amendment
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forbade any state to deny suffrage based on race color or previous condition of servitude
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why were the enforcement acts necessary
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kkk- enforecement acts imposed heavy penalties for violation of 14th and 15 amendments, congressional elections under control of authorities, kkk gave prez miltary powers to suppress violence in southern states
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general amnesty act
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restored to confed political priveleges and hastened collapse of governements based on black votes
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withdrawal of federal troops
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federal govt under hayes withdrew troops from sotuh; state govt in south under repub fell to dems
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waht did the supreme courty pass in 1873
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restricted application of 14th amdenement saying that it only protected US citizenship not civil rights in gen
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1875 civil rights act
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prohibited racial discrimination in public places- act never enforced and then in 1883 waws declared unconstit
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what did the south beleive ab out the repub
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most south beleived that repub party was party of blacks and corrupt whites who despised south. result= many areas in former states knew only one party system
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bourbons
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within one party sys of south (dem) leaders of dem called bourbons.
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how did dem reduce blacks power w/o violence
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reduced number of blackls who could meet qualifications for suffrage
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what were devices used to reduce black suffrage
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literacy and educational tests which most cn pass, poll taxes and other property requirements, application of grandfather clause which granted suffrage only to those whose fathers/ grandfathers had voted b4 1867
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desccribe how south was distrubed by reconstruction
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plantation sys was disrupted (had to reduce size of plantations), rise of merchant, rise of industrial dev
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describe social tensions in soiuth
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brief period of powerr for blacks led to backlash in white supremacy, resentement over excess of military reconstructiuon, inseccurity for jobs for blacs (exploitation) small farmers vs large farmers
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what were problems as the new indust south gained prominence
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southern econ not escaped control from north financiers, southern political leaders more interetsed in sectional than in national prob, too many white as well as negro farmers still lived in poverrty, most southern voters refused to accept tax programs which would provide funds for social service
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