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107 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Indulgences
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Wealth or land given to the Catholic Church in exchange for a free pass to heaven.
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Martin Luther
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He is German. Hates indulgences(because of his mom). Got to heaven through faith alone. Wrote the 95 theses complaints against the church and he goes and nails them to the church door. Excommunicated or kicked out of the church and community. Start protestant reformation - lutheran church.
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John Calvin
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Calvinism. believes in predestination - when you are born it's already decided whether you are going to heaven or hell - can't change (maybe, go to hell). Rich and pretty people love Calvin. Was a lawyer.
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Henry VIII
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Made own church (Anglican), same as Catholic, but could have divorce. King/Queen of England is head of the church - there is no seperation between Church and State.
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Tithing
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Give money/stuff to the church.
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Augustus
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Octavian the Roman republic weakened by civil wars became an empire under Augustus the revered or majestic won.
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Brutus
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A leading role in the assassination conspiracy against Julius Caesar.
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Carthage
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Ancient city on the northern coast of Africa.
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Cicero
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A political leader,writer, and Rome's greatest public speaker.
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Etruscans
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A major role in shaping Roman civilization.
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Five good emperors
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Nerva,Trajan,Hadrian,Antoninus,
Pius,Marcus, and Aurelius. |
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Gaius Gracchus
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A flamboyant and powerful public speaker, was to be a far move formidable political force than his brother.
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Hannibal
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Carthage's greatest general.
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Ides of March
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15 of March; the day Caesar was killed.
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Julius Caesar
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Successful military man; very wealthy, wont settle down to just one woman; emperor of Rome.
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Juvenal
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Poet.
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Marcus Aurelius
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Helped unite the empire economically. Reformed Roman law.
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Marius
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Military leader.
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Nero
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Was a vicious man. He killed his mother and two wives he was remembered for having a fiddle. He commited suicide.
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Octavian
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Caesar's grandnephew
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Pax Romana
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It means Roman Peace.
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Plebians
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The working class of Ancient Rome; lived in three-or-four story apartment houses called insulae.
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Pompeii
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It was a busy port town. Volcano Mount Vesuvius erupted, destroying this city and buried the city with magma but it saved the city at the same time.
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Romulus amd Remus
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Romulus killed Remus. They were raised by wolves.
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Seven Hills of Rome
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Rome is built on seven hills and they are all different types of neighborhoods.
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Sulla
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Army general with his own army.
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Trajan
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Born 98 A.D. died 117 A.D. He expanded the empire to its largest size. Built many new public works.
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Triumvirate
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Political alliance of three or more people.
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Zama
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Battle between Scipio and the Carthaginians.
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Israelites
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Canaan. Euphrates River. King and Hammarabi. They are polytheistic.
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Egyptians
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Near the Nile River. Villages led by chiefs, they united into kingdoms; Kingdoms later united and ruled by pharaohs. Polytheism.
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Phonecians
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Canaan. Mediterranean Sea. Monarchy tribes because of trading. Polytheism.
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Sumerians
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Southern Mesopotamia. Iraq. Tigris Euphrates. Kings ran the government, led armies and organized building projects priests. Polytheism. Gods hated people.
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Assyrians
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Mesopotamia. Tigris River. They are ruled by a king. Polytheism.
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Babylonians
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By the Euphrates River. It was monarchy ruled by a king. Polytheism.
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Vandals
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Came in and destroyed/burnt down the city of Rome.
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Clovis
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King. Made a huge kingdom. Converted all Franks to Catholicism. (Pope likes him).
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Chades "The hammor" Martel
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Fought The battle of Tours (beat the Muslim Turks who invaded France from Spain), Famous Mayor.
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Pepin
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King, donated "Papal States" land to the pope. (Vatican).
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Charlemagne
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Crowned king of Italy, Roman empire on christmas day 800 A.D. by the pope.
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Leonardo Davinci
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Sculptor, painter, inventor, engineer, scientist, astronomer. Painted The Mona Lisa and The Last Supper.
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Michelangelo
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Sculptor and painter. Made the Marble David and painted the Sistine Chapel paintings.
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Raphael
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Painter. Built the school of Athens.
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Donatello
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Sculptor and architect. Made the Bronze David.
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Machiavelli
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politician and writer. Wrote the book The Prince.
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Petrarch
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Poet and Scholar. He wrote biographies on Famous Romans.
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Gutenberg
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inventor. Invented the Printing Press.
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Shakespeare
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Greatest english writer of that era. Wrote Hamlet.
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Lorenzo De' Medici
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Comes from the richest family ( banking family). Created the ATM. Patron of the Arts.
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Brunelleschi
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Inventor, Architect and Sculptor. Created The Dome also known as Il Duomo. Designed the Church of San Lorenzo.
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Humanism
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Focus on people instead of God.
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Oil Painting
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Blend, make real, life like.
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Portrait
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Painting of a person.
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Realism
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Makes things look real.
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Perspective
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Dimension, 3-D.
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Patronage
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Pay people for art.
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Organized Government
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1. The assyrian kings had to be strong to rule their large empire.
2. The empire stretched from the Persian Gulf in the east to Egypt's Nile River in the west. 3. Assyrian kings divided the empire into provinces or political districts. |
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Writing
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1. Their writing was based on Babylonian writing.
2. They produced and collected literature. |
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Complex Religion
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1. They are polytheistic.
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Job Specialization
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1. The soldiers are armed with spears and daggers.
2. The first large army was forced to use iron weapons. People who werent as rich used bows and arrows. |
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Art and Architecture
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1. They erected large temples and palaces that they filled with wall carvings and statues.
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Public Works
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1. Water, roads, trees, grass, bridges, stairs.
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Social Classes
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Upper Class- kings and queens.
Middle Class- knights and soldiers. Lower Class- farmers and slaves. |
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Ancient Cities
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1. Nineyeh
2. Mesopotamia |
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Thomas Hobbes
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England. 1600's - during civil war. Absolute Monarchy. Behind the king. People are selfish and dumb.
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John Locke
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England. A bit after Hobbes. Natural law- the right you get for being alive. Social Contract- people have with their government where they give up some of their rights for protection.
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Baron Montesquieu
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France. 1700's. Spirit of law. Believed in separation of power. Judicial, Legislative, Executive.
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Voltaire (Francois-Marie Arouet)
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France. Became known for his strong dislike of the roman catholic church- why- church kept knowledge from people. Deism- religion based on reason.
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Denis Diderot
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France. 1750. wrote the encyclopedia (28 volumes).
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Mary Wollstonecraft
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England. Fought for womens rights.
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Jean-Jacques Rousseau
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France. Critisized enlightenment. Doesn't think about emotions.
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Louis XIV
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France. 1643. King of France. Throned the longest in history (72 years). Known as the sun king. Relied on bureaucracy. Quote "I am a state".
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Frederick the Great
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Germany. 1600's and 1700's. Most Russian ruler. ruled from 1740-1786. King of Germany. Strengthened army and fought and won wars to gain new territory for Russia.
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Maria Theresa
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Hapsburg. 1740. Austria ruler. Clever and talented. Tried to make government work better.
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Joseph II
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Austria. 1700's. King of Austria. Son of Maria Theresa. Freed the serf's made land taxes equal for nobles and farmers. Allowed books to be published freely.
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Peter I
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Russia. !689-1725. Most powerful Czars. Improved Russia's military. Expanded Russia's territory west to the battle sea. 1703 founded a city called St. Petersburg.
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Catherine II
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Russia. 1762. Queen of Russia. Studied enlightenment ideas. Wrote letters to the philosophers. Allowed nobles to treat the serfs as they pleased.
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Government
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Jewish leaders. Taxes. Census.
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Jesus
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Manager-nativity-Christmas story. Preaching. Crucifixtion. Resurrection.
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Christianities
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Forgiveness. Martyrdom. Trinity- later (not from start).
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Catholic church
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Council of Nicea- Nicene Creed- Consistent message. Last remnant- Roman Empire.
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Dogma
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Religious beliefs (usually put forth by church but with gods authority).
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Minoans
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Lived on the Island of Crete. Minotaur- Maze house- palace of Knosos- Bulls.
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Mycenean
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King Agamemnon. Homer- Illiad and the odyssey- about Trojan War.
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Polis
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City-State.
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Agora
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Market Place.
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Acropolis
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Temple- top of hill in city.
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Parthenon
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Temple to Athena- Like Lincoln Memorial.
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Direct Democracy- Pericles
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Everybody votes on everything.
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Geography of Greece
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Mountainy and peninsula and Islandy.
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Delian League
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Athens get money from Islands.
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Greek Pottery
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Pictures to explain life and history, hold stuff and art.
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Columns
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1. Corinthian- Leaves
2. Doric- Plain 3. Ionic- Circle |
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Zeus
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Chief of Greek Gods
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Delphi
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Oracle- Priestess
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Helenism
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Love of Greek stuff.
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Socrates
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Philosopher-Charged with corrupting the youth.
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Plato
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Wrote down Socrates life. Student of Socrates.
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Aristotle
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Student of Plato. Teacher of Alexander the Great.
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Alexander the Great
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Son of Philip II.
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The Potty
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Public spaces given to cities by politicians. Bathed, used potty (latrines), exercised, political/social connections, beauty parlor/barber shop.
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Beauty
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Non-puritanical! Don't have an issue about being naked around others of the same sex.
It is not about sexuality it is about how the human form is a reflection of the gods. Plucking your hair. |
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Aqueduct
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Brings water to cities.
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Bathing steps
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1. Tepidarium
2. Caldarium 3. Tepidarium 4. Frigidarium |
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Caldarium
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Hot Tub.
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Tepidarium
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Warm/Medium Tub.
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Frigidarium
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Cold Tub.
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