History 2620 Exam 1

Front 1

13th ammendment

Back 1

officially abolishes slavery

Front 2

Freedman's Bureau

Back 2

Reconstruction agency
- to protect legal rights of former slaves
- assist with their education, jobs, health care, and landowning

Front 3

Black Codes

Back 3

-set codes that made black an inferior status in order to control african americans
- ex: can't own farm land, inter-racial marriages were banned, could not own city property, could not testify against a white person in court
- vagrancy laws

Front 4

Thaddeus Stevens

Back 4

- Radical Republican
- believed in racial equality
- believed secession was successful because they were no longer states because they left the union (treated as conquered) provinces
- erase state boundaries and redistribute wealth

Front 5

Radical Republicans

Back 5

- identify the Civil War with the abolitionist cause
- sought swift emancipation of slaves
- punish the rebels
- tight controls over the confederate states after the war
- congress determines readiness of statehood
- congress takes charge of reconstruction

Front 6

Freedman's Bureau Act

Back 6

bill that renewed the Freedman’s Bureau for one more year, Johnson vetoed it, unconstitutional to have military courts in a time of peace

Front 7

Civil Rights Bill (1866)

Back 7

- response to black codes
- bill declared "all persons born in the US and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed"
- grants citizenship to all native born blacks

Front 8

14th ammendment

Back 8

- defines citizenship- any person born in US is a citizen
- due process of law
- can't deny equal protection of the laws

Front 9

Military Reconstruction act

Back 9

- divided confederate states into 5 districts with general residing over each
- must ratify 14th and 15th amendments before rejoining the union

Front 10

Carpetbaggers

Back 10

- northerns who went to the south after the civil war and participated in the reconstruction government
- teachers, pastor among african americans, social workers, economic reasons)

Front 11

Scalawags

Back 11

- southerns who remained loyal to the union
- participated with the carpetbaggers reconstruction governement

Front 12

KKK

Back 12

- terrorist group
- performed acts in order to force blacks, scalawags, and carpetbaggers to understand their place

Front 13

15th ammendment

Back 13

- guaranteed blacks the right to vote

Front 14

Bourbon Redeemers

Back 14

- upper class southern white conservative democrats
- ended the political aspect of reconstruction and resumed position in union

Front 15

Jim Crow Laws

Back 15

- revokes civil rights for freedman
- racial segregation (water fountains, transport, schools, restaurants, restrooms)

Front 16

Plessy vs Ferguson

Back 16

- dispute over railroad cars, black man can't sit in white car
- 'separate but equal' facilities

Front 17

James B Duke

Back 17

- owner of American Tobacco Company
- machine made cigarettes

Front 18

Railroad Grants

Back 18

- grants that allow railroads to receive land and mineral rights, ore, lumber, etc

Front 19

Pacific Railway Bill

Back 19

- Railroad from Coast to coast
- Union pacific went west
- Central Pacific went east

Front 20

JD Rockefeller

Back 20

- owner of Standard Oil Company
- vertical integration

Front 21

Standard Oil Company

Back 21

- owned by Rockefeller
- vertically integrated
- 1st industry-dominating trust

Front 22

Trusts

Back 22

- companies combined to control competition

Front 23

Andrew Carnegie

Back 23

- owner of US Steel Cooperation
- vertical integration
- Gospel of wealth

Front 24

Vertical integration

Back 24

- company owns the whole manufacturing process without having to pay any extra

Front 25

Gospel of wealth

Back 25

Carnegie believed that him and other millionaires should spread their wealth among humankind

Front 26

Horatio Alger

Back 26

- wrote short stories- American Dream
- upward mobility

Front 27

JP Morgan

Back 27

- arrange merger and acquisitions
- the price to merge would be stock in the new company

Front 28

Knights of Labor

Back 28

- 1st national labor union
- ended with the Haymarket affair

Front 29

Haymarket Affair

Back 29

- in chicago
- riots during McCormick Harvester company strike
- demise of knights of labor

Front 30

Samuel Gompers

Back 30

- 1st president of AFL
- focus on bread and butter issues

Front 31

Homestead Strike

Back 31

- strike that took place in steel mills
-company brought in Pinkerton Agent to promote fighting so that they could bring in the National Guard

Front 32

Pullman strike

Back 32

- strike against Pullman Palace Car Co, in company town
- courts and federal troops crushed strike

Front 33

Grantism

Back 33

- corruption
- because of corrupt Grant administration because of the credit mobilier scandal

Front 34

Credit Mobilier Scandal

Back 34

- millions of overcharges were exposed for Union Pacific RR
- Grant's Admin. exposed

Front 35

Whiskey Ring

Back 35

- St. Louis
- siphoning off millions of dollars in federal taxes on liquor
- involved an extensive network of bribes involving tax collectors, distillers, and distributers

Front 36

Tammany Hall

Back 36

- Headquarters in NY for the Democratic Party
- Tweed ring- ran by Tweed (political machine)

Front 37

Gilded Age

Back 37

- Mark Twain coined
- the phrase means tarnished age, or corrupt age

Front 38

Pendleton Act

Back 38

- designed to destroy spoils system
- merit system- one who is qualified for posistion

Front 39

Interstate Commmerce Act

Back 39

- regulate competition
- aimed at RR and their rebates
- break up trusts

Front 40

Sherman Antitrust Act

Back 40

- restore competition where a monopoly had occured

Front 41

Booker T. Washington & New South Creed

Back 41

- spokesman for the blacks
-Atlanta compromise
-focus on social economic gain instead of black civil rights

Front 42

WEB Dubois

Back 42

- not for segregation
- emphasized social justice

Front 43

Homestead Act

Back 43

- gave 160 acres of land free if it were cultivated and improved

Front 44

Free and unlimited coinage of silver

Back 44

- owners of metals could exchange their metal for money or coins (or notes)
- overproduction of silver caused inflation of the economy

Front 45

Grange and Granger Laws

Back 45

- Midwest
- lobbied government control of RR, and grain elevator rates, and est. farmers cooperatives

Front 46

William Jennings Bryan

Back 46

- pro silver, main reason for losing
- democrat/ populist party member
- led national tour

Front 47

William McKinnly

Back 47

- Pro-gold Republican Party
- industry on his side
- pamphlets in many different languages
- national campaign manager

Front 48

Marcus Hanna

Back 48

- 1st national campaign manager
- raised 10 million dollars
- manager for McKinnly