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130 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Three main groups called what lived in where?
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Etruscans,Greeks and Latins and in Italy
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These people established colonies in southern Italy and Sicily
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Greeks
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Established villages along the Tiber River
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Latins
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The villages established by the Latins were eventually united to form
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the city of Rome
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These people settled in mainly northern Italy
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Etruscand
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These twin boys were set in what river after their birth?
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Tiber, Romulus and Remus
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Were nourished by a
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she wolf
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Who killed whom (twin brother) in a quarrel?
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Romulus killed Remus
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The Romans established (representative democracy)
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republic
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What were the two groups that evolved in Rome?
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Patricians and plebeians
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Who controlled the government in the early years of the republic?
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the patricians of Rome
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Were some plebeians well to do?
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Yes
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Plebeians could not hold office in the what republic?
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Early
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What were consuls?
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Two men that were elected each year to serve one year terms together
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What did consuls do?
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They commanded the army and headed the government
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Did each consul have veto power over the other?
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Yes
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What does veto mean?
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Latin for "I forbid"
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What was a dictator?
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A man appointed by the consuls during a crisis
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How long did the dictator serve for? Did he have any limits to his power?
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Six months, and no, he had UNlimited power
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Who was the most imporant in the lawmaking body?
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The senate
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How long did a senator serve for?
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Life
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Who appointed tribunes?
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The plebeians.
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What could these tribunes do?
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They could veto any action in the senate
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Eventually plebeians coul hold _____ _____ including the office of ___
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any office, consul
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Romans adopted many of the ____ gods and goddesses and renamed them
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Greek
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A city state in North Africa
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Carthage
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Who established Carthage?
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The Phoenicians
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This became a military and trading post of the Romans
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Carthage
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Became at military and trading RIVAL of the Romans
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Carthage
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____ had a better ARMY while ____ had a better NAVY
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Rome had a better army and Carthage had an excellent navy
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Who won the first Punic war?
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The Romans
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When this war began, Rome had few warships
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The first Punic War
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How did Rome win the first Punic War?
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They found a warship from Carthage and copied it
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Who was Hannibal?
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A general from Carthage
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What is Gaul called now?
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France
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Where did Hannibal lead his army to?
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Italy
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What was Hannibal's motive for war?
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Revenge
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The Romans did not know that he was marching towards ____ until he was in ____
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Italy until he was in southern Gaul
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Hannibal ___ several battles
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won
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After the battles, the Romans ____ fighting Hannibal as much as possible, instead they used"______-______"
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avoided, they used hit and run raids
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Why was Hannibal unable to capture Rome?
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Inadequate equipment and not enough men
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Hannibal hope that _____ under Roman control would rebel against the Romans and help him...thousands did ______
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people in Italy_ so but not enough
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Hannibals' brother was on his way to assist Hannibal with reinforcements. What happened?
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He was murdered by the Romans and his army destroyed
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Whose head was tossed into whose camp?
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Hannibal's brother's into Hannibal's camp
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Did Hannibal lose any major battles while he was in Italy?
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No
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The Romans sent an army to Hannibal's hometown under what gerneral?
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Scipio, Carthage
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Scipio defeated Hannibal near
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Carthage
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Who won the second Punic War?
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The Romans
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The peace treaty was
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harsh on Carthage
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Scipio became a hero to the Romans....he was referred afterwards as
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Scipo, Africanus
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After the war, Hannibal remained in
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Carthage
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Hannibal later fled Carthage to avoid being
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captured by the Romans
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When he was about to be captured he
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committed suicide
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Who wanted Carthage destroyed?
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Cato, a Roman senator
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What did Cato end all his speeches wih?
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"Carthage must be destroyed"
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Who destroyed Carthage in 146 BC?
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Rome
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What happened to the survivors of the attack on Carthage? How many were there?
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The 50,000 survivors were enslaved
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What was put into the soil as a symbolic gesture that the land would remain uninhabited?
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Salt
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Name two problems in the Roman republic
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Wealthy landholders used slave labor, which meant that small farmers were forced to leave their land, and the farmers went to the city to find work
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Were jobs plentifully ready to the farmers that moved to the cities looking for work?
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No, there were few jobs
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Name the two brothers that served as tribunes and were murdered in 133 and 121 BC
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Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus
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What did Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus want to stop?
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Wealthy landholders to rent so much land-they wanted to divide this land among the farmers that had moved to the cities.
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Who opposed the Gracchus brother's reforms?
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Wealthy landholders including many senators
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Which Gracchus brother was murdered in 133 BC?
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Tiberius
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Which Gracchus brother was murdered in 121 BC?
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Gaius
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What does "triumvirate" mean?
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"ruled by three"
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Name the people that made up the triumvirate
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Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey
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All had served as ____, all were ____ and all were ____
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consul, senators, generals
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What three men formed a secret alliance to control the Roman government?
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Julius Caesar, Crassus and Pompey
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While Julius Caesar was away from Rome, he____ many battles in ____
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won Gaul
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After Julius Caesar ___ many battles in ___, ___ was then placed under Roman control
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won many battles in Gaul, Gaul
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_____ _______ was then elected as GOVERNOR (also called what??)
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Julius Caesar, proconsul
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Julius Caesar also won battles in ___
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Britain
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In 53 B.C. Crassus was _____ while commanding his army
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killed
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Pompey became very _____ of Julius Caesar's victories
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jealous
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In 50 B.C., Pompey and the senate ordered Julius Caesar to return to ____ without his troops.
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Rome
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In 49 BC Caesar returned to Rome ________his troops
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with
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"Crossing the Rubicon" means
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there is no turning back from this point
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Civil war began between _____ troops and _____ troops
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Caesar's and Pompey's
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______ and some senators fled Rome
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Pompey
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____ became DICTATOR
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Julius Caesar
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Julius Caesar _______ Pompey's troops
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defeated
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Pompey was later killed
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In Egypt
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In 44 BC Caesar had himself named "_______ ___ _____"
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dictator for life
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Circus Maximus was a racetrack in Rome used for this purpose-this was a very popular sport
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Chariot racing
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a stadium in Rome called the ------ was the location of many amusements
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Colosseum
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Were trained fighters, fought wild animals and fought each other
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Gladiators
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_____ was popular (usually using brass knuckles
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Boxing
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Sometimes ________ and condemned criminals were forced to fight _________ or __________
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Christians were forced to fight gladiators or wild animals
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Structures built to carry water to the cities
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Aqueducts
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____ empire surpasses all previous empires in size (larger than the _____ Empire and the empire of ________ __ ____
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Rome, Persian, Alexander the Great
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Lived in Palestine, which was under Roman control
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Jesus
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Born during the rule of Augustus Caesar
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Jesus
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Two of the most famous missionaries were
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Peter and Paul
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Pax Romana ended when this emperor died
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Marcus Aurelius
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Last of the Five Good Emperors
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Marcus Aurelius
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Philosopher as well as emperor
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Marcus Aurelius
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Beginning with _____ Romans were ruled by emperors
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Augustus Caesar or Octavian
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Born during the rule of Augustus Caesar
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Jesus
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_______ were worshiped as gods
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Emperors
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The _________ __________ was written after Jesus was crucified
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New Testament
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Two of the most famous ones were _____ and ____
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Peter and Paul
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Romans executed these two probably during the reign of
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Nero
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Name two reasons that Christians were persecuted
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They refused to worship the Roman emperors and the government feared that they would rebel against the government
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the blood of the _____ was the seed of the ___________ _______
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martyrs was the seed of the Christian church
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First Christian emperor
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Constantine
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The Roman empire was divided into two parts. The western part had its capital in ____ and the eastern part had its capital in ______________
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Italy, constantinople
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The emperor of the western empire was ___________ and not _______
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overthrown and not replaced
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This is referred to as __ ___ of the western empire
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the fall
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Which part lasted longer, the eastern or the western?
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The eastern part
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No ____ ______ marked the fall of the western empire, it ________________________
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single event, it had been declining for years
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Who wrote The Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire?
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Edward Gibbon
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When was Edward Gibbon's book written in?
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1700's
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Gibbon was a member of the ______ _________
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English Parliament
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Name the reasons for the collapse of the western empire
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1) Political problems
2) Economic problems 3) Social problems 4) Barbarian invasians |
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Since there was no established method of choosing an emperor, ___ _____ often developed over who should be emperor
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Civil war
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Many emperors were __________
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incompentent
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Roman armies would frequently ____ each __
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fight each other
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Taxes were extremely ____
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high
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__________ was very high
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Inflation
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Trade declined partly due to
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Wars and lack of funds to repair roads and bridges
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Decline in _____
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morality
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Apathy occured- people were not interested in participating in the __________ or serving in the ____
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government or serving in the army
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The empire was invaded on several occasions by __________
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barbarians
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Towns and cities in ____ were _______
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Rome were plundered
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What happened in March 15, 44 BC?
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Julius Caesar died
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What happened in 27 B.C.?
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The beginning of the reign of Augustus
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A.D. 180
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The death of Marcus Aurelius
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Name the period from 27 BC to AD 180
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Pax Romana
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What happened in A.D. 476?
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"Fall" of the western empire
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