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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Black Codes
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Laws passed to regulate rights of freed slaves
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Andrew Johnson
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Takes over after Lincoln, pro union democrat, anti-slavery (racist), tries to win southern white democrats over
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Thaddeus Stevens
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Republican from Pennsylvania, Strong abolitionist, believed reconstruction should be a revolution to the south
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Congressional Reconstruction
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1866-1870 Radicals are more powerful than president override vetos, 14th amendment qualify blacks to be citizens, upsets Jackson
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Military Reconstruction Act
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Southern states become districts, shifts power out of hands of leaders
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14th Amendment
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1866-1868 former slaves could now become citizens
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15th Amendment
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1869 the right of citizens of the united states to vote shall not be denied or abriged on account of race
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Sharecropping
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gangs of organized labor instead of families run by a landowner who provided tools in exchange for a portion of the crops
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Ku Klux Klan
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middle class confederate veterans responsible for terrorizing blacks and lynching them mostly blacks who made progress in society
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Freedman's Bureau
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A U.S. federal government agency that aided distressed refugees of the American Civil War
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"Nothing But Freedom"
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The idea that black got freedom but little else still had no rights after reconstruction was over
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Redemption
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power resotred to wealthy people with plantations and harsher laws on African Americans post reconstruction
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Compromise of 1877
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awarded Rutherford B. Hayes presidency included removal of federal troops in south and legislation to help industrialize the south
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Gilded Age
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Nicknamed for gold on the outside but rotten on the inside which meant they looked good production wise but the work was brutal
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Big Business
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Industrial concentration production cost down # of products up national market and horizontal and vertical intergration
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John D. Rockefeller
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Standard Oil used horizontal intergration taking over other oil companies
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Andrew Carnegie
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Carnegie Steel, Veritcal Intergration buys ore mines and steel mills controls all aspects of business, donates 300 mil to concert halls schools and library friend of working man
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Railroads
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Consume the most coal and steel and are the largest provider of work Communites are built around them, efficency of transportation
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Horizontal Intergration
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Rockefeller. bigger companies buying smaller companies and changing the name
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Vertical Intergration
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Carnegie. Buy all aspects of business ore mines steel mills, railroads etc.
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Homestead Act
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1862 Nebreska North and South Dakota Kansas Oklahoma 160 acres..farm land for 5 years then you own it. equality was the norm
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Turner Thesis
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Stress the importance of the business and government being essential to the growth of the west Race and equality struggles
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Custer's Last Stand
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Kansas battle of little big horn gets surrounded by sioux and is killed the sioux are then wiped out and forced to give up their land
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Sioux Indians
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Forced onto reservations and to change their entire way of thinking and culutre as a result of little big horn
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Cattle Industry
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Cattle were shipped on railroads to Chicago slaughter houses easier because of railroad
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Western Mining
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Labor disputes Western Federation Of Miners silver and copper, sanfran gold rush brought urbanization
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Californios
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Wealthy elite Spanish speaking controlled economy
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Family Economy
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relying on wages of whole family instead of primary bread winner
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Conspicuous Consumption
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the lavish spending on goods and services acquired mainly for the purpose of displaying income or wealth
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Women and clerical work
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secretary work by 1920 they are ½ of office workers and are less likely to stay or unionize
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Knights Of Labor
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Terence Powderly 1879 unionize workers and worked to change laws in government shorter workday stop child labor and income tax
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AFL
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American Federation Of Labor made up of people who opposed knights "pure and simple unionism" that stressed foremost the concern with working conditions, pay and control over jobs
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Homestead Strike
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Homestead Strike of 1892 against carnigie by Amalgamated Association of Iron Steel and Tin. Strike lasts for 4 and 1/2 months and Carnegie leaves frick to deal with it who sends militia crushing the strikers carnegie ups hours and lowers wages
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Haymarket
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1886 strike in Chicago that taints knights good name
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Chinese Exlusion Act
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California 1882 excludes chinese for racial reasons
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Italian Immigrants
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Almost always came for economical reasons overwhelmingly male and ultimately wanted to make enough money to go back to Italy
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Jewish Immigrants
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Came for social reasons whole family more educated and better urban skills easier to get by in America
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Amadeo Giannini
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Italian man opens store that sells just italian food. then makes enough to open a bank. known today as bank of america. american dream
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Political Machines
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Political ‘bosses’ based of bribery not qualification Reached out directly to urban ethnic communities Paved the roads and pick up their garbage in exchange for votes
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Anglo-Saxonism
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Social darwnism belief that being white anglo-saxon was the best race
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Working Class Urban Culture
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centered around immigrant interests such as churches newspapers and clubs Sense of community and hope Urban culture grows w/ new activities such as theatres theme parks and movies Baseball is looked at as a game of the working class
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Crop Lien
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Use of debt through crops promised a portion of their production as credit to buy necessities 60% interest fell deeper into debt
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Debt Peonage
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"re-enslavement" forced to work because of their debt no money to leave
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Henry Grady
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Spokesmen for the 'new south'
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New South Cotton Mills
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Lower class job offerings, company owned everything including town and stores to buy necessities at so worker payed back wages to the company.
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Segregation By Law
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created mostly in the 1890’s by state create separated public amenities Plessy vs. Ferguson separate but equal is still ok
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Disenfranchisement
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Poll taxes literacy tests used to prevent blacks and poor whites to vote
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New South Atlanta
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grows into a huge city and becomes the center of african american higher education
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Convict Labor
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Force labor of prisoners and essential 1880-1920 to economic growth brutal conditions worst jobs 25% death rate
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Plessy vs. Ferguson
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separate but equal is still ok 1896 14th amendment
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Blue-grey Reunions
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Former veterans meet from both sides of the war Meetings represent a important step in the unification of the country psychologically
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UCV
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united confederacy veterans contained 1/3 of army
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Confederate Celebration
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Southern elites rise to power Use of the civil war as political ramifications Veterans (GAR) Grand Army of The Republic benefits for veterans
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Booker T. Washington
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Pragmatist accomodate segregation with promises of economic and educational growth
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Industrial Education
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education in manual arts washington thought more appropriate for blacks of the South
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Challeneged Washington's approach resistance through knowledge graduated Harvard editor of NAACP's newspaper
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Ida B. Wells-Barnett
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Activist opposed Washington head on approach to white supremacy railroads first
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Tuskegee Institute
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School built by Booker T. Washington for industrial education knowledgeable work force for the south
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NAACP
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Dismantle segregation through legal reform
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Farmers' Alliance
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Government ownership of railroad to stop exploiting farmers
Free Silver Getting rid of the crop lien system and sharecropping |
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Populist Party
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Evolution of farmer’s alliance into a political party put pressure on other two parties to accommodate farmers
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William Jennings Bryan
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“cross of gold” speech Democrat national Convention runs for president for common man
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William McKinely
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Republican Divide the instrests of labors between producers (famrers) and consumers (urban workers) wins presidency
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Free Silver
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Congress passed a law that only gold not silver would back up currency (1873) aka let silver be a basis of money supply
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Election of 1896
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McKinely gets 80% of electoral vote first really exciting elecetion since reconstruction Republican wins (beginning of end for populist party)
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Imperialism
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nationalism that supports a strong and aggressive foreign policy going to war to enhance American glory
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Spanish-American War
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Very short less than two months mainly took place in Cuba Quick American victory spledid little war military was stronger than previously thought
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Yellow Journalism
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fluffed up stories to sell papers about cruleness in cuba to make us involvement easier
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Anti-Imperialism
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William Jennings Bryan we will educate them and they will realize what were doing
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Phillipines after War
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Convinced the phils to stop fighting by giving them the option of self government
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