History 2010 Exam 1

Front 1

Richard Hakluyt

Back 1

1. Famous chronicler of European voyages.

2. Hired by Sir Walter Raleigh.

3. Wrote "A Particular Discourse": Reasons why Britain should settle in The New World.

Front 2

John Smith

Back 2

1. Veteran English soldier and captain.

2. Was involved with Virginia Company

exploration and settlement of North America.

3. Staged a coup and took over Jamestown.

4. Captured by Powhatan and nearly "killed."

5. Pochahontas "saves" John Smith.

Front 3

Pilgrims

Back 3

1. Separatists from the English Church.

2. Leader was William Bradford.

3. 1607-1609, go to Holland.

4. Ask Virginia Company for help.

5. Mayflower Compact created.

6. Settled in Plymouth.

Front 4

Elements of Puritanism

Back 4

1. Radical Protestants who demanded purification of English church.

2. Independent Congregations.

3. Predestination, Chosen Elect, only God knows.

4. Very strict, self-discipline.

Front 5

Anne Hutchinson

Back 5

1. Publicly criticized Puritan Clergy.

2. Held weekly lectures in her home.

3. Violated gender norms.

4. Brought to trial.

5. Banished to Rhode Island.

Front 6

Navigation Acts (1651-1673)

Back 6

1. Empire exerts control over British North American trade.

2. Targeted tobacco & sugar.

3. Benefit the Empire by getting every cent out of NA colonies.

4. Challenged Dutch control of international commerce.

Front 7

Middle Passage (1500-1800)

Back 7

1. Part of the Atlantic Triangular trade

2. Out 24 million African slaves, only 12 million made it to the boats.

3. Only 10 million lived through the journey.

4. Only 4% of slaves to North America.

5. Most went to South America and Caribbean.

Front 8

Virginia Slave Legislation (1630-90)

Back 8

1. First laws were for white men.

2. White men received whipping etc.

3. Later laws became more slave centered.

4. Masters murdering slaves became "legal" or justified.

5. Laws designed to keep slaves from rebelling.

Front 9

George Washington (to 1763)

Back 9

1. Father dies

2. Stepbrother Lawrence becomes ill. (Tuberculosis)

3.Trip to Barbados, Washington becomes sick with smallpox, recovers, but Lawrence does not.

4. Lawrence Dies.

5. Becomes Colonel.

6. Becomes involved in Ohio Company.

Front 10

Pontiac's Rebellion (1763)

Back 10

1. Pontiac and his confederation of Great Lakes & Ohio Country Indians were dissatisfied with postwar policies of Britain.

2. Feared that British colonists would take their land while moving westward.

3. Launches a rebellion.

4. War ends in a stalemate.

5. Peace eventually reached.

Front 11

Paxton Boys

Back 11

1. Paxton, Pennsylvania backcountry farmers.

2. Were afraid of Indian peoples.

3. Believed they needed to take action and defend themselves.

4. Dec. 1763 - Paxton Boys massacre peaceful Indian tribe - Conestoga Massacre.

5. Feb. 1674 - March on Philadelphia, threaten to attack. Benjamin Franklin eventually convinces the mob to disperse.

Front 12

John Peter Zenger

Back 12

1. German Publisher who lived in New York.

2. Criticized NY Governor William Cosby in his newspaper "The New York Weekly Journal".

3. Cosby targets Zenger.

4. Zenger arrested and tried for seditious libel.

5. Zenger's lawyer asks jury to review whether Zenger's criticisms are true.

6. Cosby is found to be corrupt and Zenger is acquitted.

7. Freedom of the press begins.

Front 13

Jamestown

Back 13

1. Settled by Virginia Company.

2. First permanent English settlement.

3. Taken over by John Smith whom imposed martial law.

4. Starving time where 700-1000 people of Jamestown is reduced to just 65.

5. Place of successful tobacco harvesting.

Front 14

Tobacco Brides

Back 14

1. Women who emigrated to Jamestown to search for a suitor.

2. Suitors were Tobacco farmers, etc.

3. Women were promised good standard of living.

4. Women were not forced to marry anyone.

5. Women were necessary in order to continue the growth of the colony.

Front 15

Massachusetts Bay Colony

Back 15

1. Puritan New England

2. Settled by Massachusetts Bay Company

3. Puritan Bible commonwealth

4. First winter 30% of 700 die and 10% leave back to England.

5. Destination for the Great Migration of 1630-41.

Front 16

Roger Williams

Back 16

1. Criticized Mass. Bay leaders for failing to respect Indians' religion & culture.

2. Criticized them for requiring everyone to attend church as well as swearing oaths on the bible.

3. Rejected idea that Puritans are "elect"/"chosen" people.

4. Tried for heresy.

5. Exiled to Rhode Island.

Front 17

Elements of Quakerism

Back 17

1. All are created equal.

2. Opposition of slavery.

3. Belief in open, generous God.

4. Pacifist.

5. Respect for all cultures and religions.

6. Rejected Social hierarchies.

Front 18

Bacon's rebellion (1676)

Back 18

1. Rebellion is launched in 1673

2. Cause by increased taxes, hurricane which destroyed tobacco crops, William Berkeley's policies.

3. Led by Nathaniel Bacon who raised an army.

4. Massacres peaceful Indian tribe in search for better land.

5. Sacks Jamestown.

6. Bacon dies of dysentery and his army disbands.

7. Sped up the switch from indentured servants to slaves.

Front 19

Stono Rebellion (1739)

Back 19

1. Largest slave rebellion in Colonial British North America.

2. Led by slave named Jemmy, recently arrived slave.

3. Gathered a group of slaves and kills around twenty whites.

4. All slaves eventually were caught and executed. Some re-sold.

5. Leads to stricter rule over slaves.

Front 20

The Great Awakening

Back 20

1. Wave of religious revivals that swept across British North America in the 1730-1740s.

2. Revivalists attacked

3. Preaching styles changed.

4. George Whitefield becomes a prominent, well-known Anglican minister

5. Created a demand for religious freedom.

Front 21

The Albany Plan (1754)

Back 21

1. Suggested by Benjamin Franklin and presented before the Albany congress.

2. Plan that suggested a unified government between the 13 colonies.

3. Was the first suggestion of unification within the colonies, sort an outline for the later revolution.

4. "Join or die."

Front 22

Proclamation of 1763

Back 22

1. Peace treaty between Britain and France.

2. Ended the Seven Years War.

3. Redrew the map of North America.

4. Westward frontier was closed to colonial expansion.

5. Kept colonists and Native Americans, who were westward, from coming into contact.

Front 23

English Bill of Rights of 1689

Back 23

1. Came about due to the Glorious Revolution.

2. Limited the rights and powers of the king.

3. Gave more power to Parliament.

4. Required Parliament to meet at least once a year.

5. Contributed to the progression of the freedom of speech and press.