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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why was the League set up? |
Military: to encourage countries to disarm in order ensure long-term world peace Social: to improve living and working conditions of people around the the world Economic: to encourage all nations to co-operate in business and trade Political: to discourage aggression through the use of collective security |
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Which key countries were not in the the League and why? |
1.Germany: the defeated nations were not allowed to join and they felt it was a further punishment and humiliation 2. Russia: they were distrusted because they were communist. They were very powerful. 3. USA: congress opposed it. After Wilson had a stroke he couldn't carry on. His successor John Cox list to republican Warren Harding. Harding wanted isolationism towards European affairs. |
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What was the structure of the League? |
1. The council 2. The assembly 3. The international labour organisation 4. The secretariat 5. The permanent court of justice |
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What did the council do? |
1. Met 5 times a year or more often in the case of an emergency 2. Permanent members: France, Italy, GB and Japan 3. Each member had a veto. This could stop the council acting. 4. The idea was if their was any disputes the council could sort it out through discussion before it got out of hand. If this didn't work then they could use moral condemnation, economic sanctions or military sanctions |
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What did the assembly do? |
1. Every country had a representative 2. Met once a year 3. Decisions made had to be unanimous 4. They could vote on: ▪️admitting new members to the League ▪️appointing temporary members of the council ▪️the budget of the League ▪️other ideas put forward by the council |
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What was the International Labour Organisation? |
1. Brought together employers, governments and workers representatives once a year 2. Aim was to improve working conditions in the world 3. Collected statistics and information about working conditions |
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What was the Secretariat? |
1. Kept records of meetings and prepared reports for the different agencies of the League |
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What was the permanent Court of Justice? |
1. Settle disputes between countries peacefully 2. Based at The Hague and was made up of judges from different member countries 3. Gave legal advice to the assembly or the council 4. Decisions on border disputes |
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What was moral condemnation? |
Putting pressure on the guilty country. Bringing world opinion against it. But, this could be ignored by the guilty country |
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What were economic sanctions? |
Members of the League could refuse to trade with the guilty country. But, USA was the world's biggest trader and they weren't in the League and they would carry on trading either the guilty country which lessens the affect of the sanctions |
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What were military sanctions? |
Armed forces of members could be joined and used against the aggressor. But, there was no united army. All members were asked to send troops if there was a war but this was voluntary. |
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What were the strengths of the League? |
1. When the league started there was a lot of goodwill towards it. People wanted it to succeed 2. Better communication by the 1920's made it easier to act when conflict threatened |
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What were the weakness of the League? |
1. It didn't have a permanent League of Nations army. Relied on volunteers 2. Relied too much on goodwill 3. France and GB were in debt after the war and were not as powerful as they had been 4. The assembly met once a year so decisions took too long 5. Council members had a veto meaning they could oppose any decision 6. Soviet Union wasn't allowed to join. It had a large army and economy 7. Decisions had to be unanimous 8. Had too few administrators to do the work - slow and inefficient |
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What happened with the Aaland Islands in 1923? |
1. Between Sweden and Finland 2. Spoke Swedish 3. Officially belonged to Finland 4. After Finland declared independence from Russia most of the islanders wanted to be a part of Sweden 5. Both countries were willing to fight and asked the League for help 6. League decided that they'd still belong to Finland but that no weapons should ever be kept there. Both countries agreed |
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What happened with Vilna in 1920? |
1. After WW1 Lithuania was re-established 2. As Vilna had been their capital before they wanted it to be again 3. By 1920 however 20% of the population were from Poland and only 6% were Lithuanian 4. An unofficial Polish army seized Vilna 5. Lithuania asked the League for help 6. Britain and France should have sent troops. But France and Poland were allies and Britain didn't want to act alone so Vilna stayed with Poland |
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How did the League help working conditions? |
1. ILO was successful in banning poisonous lead paint and limiting the hours worked by small children 2. Campaigned for employers to improve working conditions generally 3. Introduced a resolution for a maximum 48 hour week and an 8 hour day |
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How did the League improve health? |
1. Worked hard to defeat leprosy starting a campaign to exterminate mosquitoes which reduced cases of malaria and yellow fever |
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How did the League help refugees? |
1. Got refugees and former prisoners back to their home lands 2. Refugee crisis in Turkey in 1922: 100,000s had to be housed in camps. The League acted quickly to stamp out cholera, smallpox and dysentery 3. 400,000 prisoners were returned to their homes by league agencies. |
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How did the League improve transport? |
1.Made recommendations on marketing shipping lanes 2. Produced an international Highway Code for road users |
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How did the League improve social problems? |
1. Freed 200,000 salves in British owned Sierra Leone and organised raids against slave owners and traders in Burma 2. Blacklisted four large German, Dutch, Swiss and French companies which were involved in illegal drug trade |
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How did unemployment caused by the Depression affected the League? |
1. People demanded action from politicians but they had no idea how to act 2. Governments became preoccupied with solving their own problems than with tackling international difficulties 3. Unemployment was 5 times higher in 1832 than in 1929 |
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How did extremism caused by the depression affect the League? |
1. Extremist parties offered a solution to unemployment 2. People felt that democracy had failed them 3. Most extremist parties were nationalist and hated other nations 4. They were only concerned with their own national interests |
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How did militarism caused by the depression affect the League? |
1. Extremist leaders looked to foreign policy success to distract the attention from problems at home 2. Dictatorships re-armed and prepared their countries for war 3. Some of these countries were Italy and Japan who were in the council |
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What was the Mukden incident? |
1. In 1931 a bomb exploded on the Japanese owned South Manchuria Railway |
