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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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compromise struck during the contested presidential election of 1876, in which Democrats accepted the election of Rutherford B. Hayes (rep) in exchange for the withdrawal of federal troops from the South and the ending of Reconstruction
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compromise of 1877
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a secret terrorist society first organized in TN. in 1866. original goal to disfranchise african americas, stop reconstruction, and restore the prewar social order of the south.
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ku klux klan
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laws enacted by states to segregate the population, became widespread in the south after reconstruction
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"Jim Crow"
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was a way for farmers to get credit. After the crop was harvested they would use it to pay back their loan. It was a constant cycle of debt.
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Crop lien system
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a tenant farmer especially in the southern United States who is provided with credit for seed, tools, living quarters, and food, who works the land, and who receives an agreed share of the value of the crop minus charges
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sharecropper
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fficially abolished and continues to prohibit slavery and involuntary servitude, except as punishment for a crime. It was adopted on December 6, 1865, and was then declared in a proclamation of Secretary of State William H. Seward on December 18.
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13th amendment
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is one of the post-Civil War Reconstruction Amendments, first intended to secure the rights of former slaves. It was proposed on June 13, 1866, and ratified on July 9, 1868.[1]
The amendment provides a broad definition of citizenship, overruling Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) which had excluded slaves and their descendants from possessing Constitutional rights. |
14th amendment
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prohibits each government in the United States from denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's "race, color or previous condition of servitude" (i.e., slavery). It was ratified on February 3, 1870.
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15th amendment
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legislation passed by congress in 1887 that aimed at breaking up traditional indian life by promoting individual land ownership. it divided tribal lands into small plots that were distributed among members of each tribe. provisions were made for indian education and eventual citizenship. the law led to corruption, exploitation, and the weakening of native american tribal culture.
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Dawes Severalty Act
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put forth by historian in his paper "the significance of the frontier in american history" this asserted that the existence of a frontier and its settlement had shaped american character given rise to individualism, independence, and self-confidence; and fostered the american spirit of invention and adaptation.
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Turner Thesis
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: a member of a political party claiming to represent the common people. a member of a United States political party formed in 1891 primarily to represent agrarian interests and to advocate the free coinage of silver and government control of monopolies
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populist party
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was an organized agrarian economic movement amongst U.S. farmers that flourished in the 1880s. The movement was strongest in the South, and was widely popular before it was destroyed by the power of commodity brokers. Despite its failure, it is regarded as the precursor to the United States Populist Party.
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Grange (Farmer's alliance)
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was the Democratic Party nominee for President of the United States in 1896. One of the most popular speakers in American history, he was noted for a deep, commanding voice. supporter of popular democracy, a critic of banks and railroads, a leader of the silverite movement. a peace advocate, a prohibitionist, an opponent of Darwinism, and one of the most prominent leaders of Populism.
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William Jenning's Bryan
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passed by congress in 1900, this law declared gold the nation's standard of currency, meaning that all currency in circulation had to be redeemable in gold. remained until 1933.
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Gold standard
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is a term used to describe a policy of allowing events to take their own course. The term is a French phrase literally meaning Leave it alone. (“allow to do”). It is the doctrine that states that government generally should not intervene in the marketplace.
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laissez-faire
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became open range, hosting ranching operations where anyone was theoretically free to run cattle. In the spring and fall, roundups were held and the new calves were branded and the cattle sorted out for sale. The Homestead Act of 1862 provided that a settler could claim up to 160 acres (65 hectares) of land, provided that he lived on it for a period of five years and cultivated it. Frederick Jackson Turner used to declare the American frontier "closed" in 1893. Many have fewer than two persons per square mile. This problem is often exacerbated by the consolidation of farms and the difficulty of attracting modern industry to the region.
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great plains
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industrialist, businessman, and a major philanthropist. He was an immigrant as a child with his parents. He built Pittsburgh's Carnegie Steel Company, which was later merged with Elbert H. Gary's Federal Steel Company and several smaller companies to create U.S. Steel. With the fortune he made from business, he turned to philanthropy and interests in education, gave away most of his money to fund the establishment of many libraries, schools, and universities in America, second richest man in history.
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Andrew Carnegie
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was an American industrialist and philanthropist. revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, he founded the Standard Oil Company and ran it until he officially retired in 1897. his wealth soared and he became the world's richest man and first American billionaire, and is often regarded as the richest person in history.
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John D. Rockefeller
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lso known by the sobriquets The Commodore. was an American entrepreneur who built his wealth in shipping and railroads. mong other companies, he created the Accessory Transit Company.
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Cornelius Vanderbilt
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founded in 1869 this labor organization pursued broad-gauged reforms as much as practical issues such as wages and hours, welcomed all laborers regardless of race, gender, or skill
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Knights of Labor
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founded by Samuel Gompers in 1886, was a loose alliance of national craft unions that organized skilled workers by craft and worked for specific practical objectives such as higher wages, shorter hours, and better working conditions. avoided politics, and while it did not expressly forbid black and women workers from joining, it used exclusionary practices to keep them out
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american federation of labor
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in July 1892, wage-cutting at Andrew Carnegie's Homestead Steel Plant in Pittsburgh provoked a violent strike in which three company-hired detectives and ten workers died. using ruthless force and strikebreakers, company officials effectively broke the strike and destroyed the union.
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homestead strike
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as a disturbance that took place on Tuesday May 4, 1886, in Chicago, and began as a rally in support of striking workers. An unknown person threw a bomb at police as they dispersed the public meeting. The bomb blast and ensuing gunfire resulted in the deaths of eight police officers and an unknown number of civilians.
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haymarket riot
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legislation passed in 1882, that excluded chinese immigrant workers for ten years and denied U.S. citizenship to chinese nationals living in the US. First US exclusionary law that was aimed at a specific racial group
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chinese exclusion act
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hostility to things foreign, simply put we are true Americans and u arnt, us and them
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nativism
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describes a style of management control. Vertically integrated companies are united through a hierarchy with a common owner. Usually each member of the hierarchy produces a different product or service, and the products combine to satisfy a common need. It is contrasted with horizontal integration. Vertical integration is one method of avoiding the hold-up problem. A monopoly produced Andrew Carnegie actually introduced the idea.
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vertical integration
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theory held that laws of evolution applied to human life that change or reform therefore took centuries and that the fittest would succeed in business and social relationships, promoted ideas of competition and individualism, saw as futile any intervention of government into human affairs used by influential members of economic and social elite to oppose reform.
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social darwinism
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Scottish-American millionaire Andrew Carnegie based his philosophy on the observation that the heirs of large fortunes frequently squandered them in riotous living rather than nurturing and growing them. Even bequeathing one's fortune to charity was no guarantee that it would be used wisely, since there was no guarantee that a charitable organization not under one's direction would use the money in accordance with one's wishes. Carnegie disapproved of charitable giving that merely maintained the poor in their impoverished state, and urged a movement toward the creation of a new mode of giving which would create opportunities for the beneficiaries of the gift to better themselves.
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gospel of wealth
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preached by a number of urban protestant ministers, focused as much on improving the conditions of life on earth, as on saving souls for the hereafter its adherents worked for child-labor laws and measures to alleviate poverty.
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social gospel
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was an influential Progressive-era response to the massive urban social problems of the day, The United States was in a period of rapid growth, economic distress, labor unrest, unemployment, low wages, unfair labor practices, and squalid living conditions. Large numbers of immigrants arrived daily to work in this newly established industrialized society. Ethnic enclaves sheltered immigrants who were experiencing isolation, new customs, and a strange language. ideal was to have wealthy people move into poor neighborhoods so that both groups could learn from one another.
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settlement house movement
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co-founded in 1889, in Chicago, Illinois, by Jane Addams and Ellen Gates Starr and is located in the Near West Side community area of Chicago in Cook County, Illinois. It was one of the first settlement houses in the U.S. and eventually grew into one of the largest, with facilities in 13 buildings. ocial, educational, and artistic programs, it earned a reputation as the best-known settlement house in the U.S.
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hull house
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nineteenth century policy of the government of the United States to ethnically cleanse Native American tribes living east of the Mississippi River to lands west of the river. U.S. government began encouraging Native American tribes to sell their land by offering them land in the West, outside the boundaries of the then-existing U.S. states, where the tribes could resettle.
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indian policy
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Jackson also started a book condemning the state and federal Indian policy, as well as the history of broken treaties. Because she was in poor health at the time, she wrote with desperate haste. A Century of Dishonor, calling for significant reform to government policy towards Native American Indians.
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Helen Hunt Jackson
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Northern leaders grew increasingly uncertain about Reconstruction. Particularly alarming to some northerners was the fraud and graft perpetuated by various, mostly white, Reconstruction politicians. Singled out for particular criticism was a group known as carpetbaggers, whites who had moved south to capitalize on a devastated postwar economy. The Nation, a weekly political magazine founded in 1865 to voice reform-minded views on politics both North and South, captured the northern sense of frustration with the alleged course of events.
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The State of the South (Nation 1872)
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is a political philosophy encompassing theories and attitudes which consider compulsory government unnecessary, harmful, or undesirable.eflect anti-authoritarian interpretations of communism, collectivism, syndicalism or participatory economics
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anarchist
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as an attempt to describe the rise of a South after the Civil War which would no longer be dependent on now-outlawed slave labor or predominantly upon the raising of cotton, but rather a South which was also industrialized and part of a modern national economy.
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New south
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