Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
National Cash Register
|
Began in a small factory built on farming land. They created cash registers so there would be less theft and more profit. Treated employees well with 8-9 hour shifts, outfitted in all white, with clean conditions. They used tricky methods of selling by messing up competitors machines.
|
|
|
John H. Patterson
|
Creator of the National Cash Register
|
|
|
Populists
|
Founded in 1892, they advocated a variety of reform issues, including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and US senators.
|
|
|
Thirteenth Amendment
|
Constitutional amendment adopted in 1865 that irrevocably abolished slavery throughout the United States.
|
|
|
Sharecropping
|
Type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless workers - often former slaves - farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop.
|
|
|
Andrew Carnegie
|
Emigrated with his family from Scotland
Worked in PA textile factory as a teenager Establish "vertically integrated steel company" Gave much wealth to philanthropies Ran companies with a dictator-like hand |
|
|
Sixteenth Amendment
|
Legalized the federal income tax
|
|
|
Social Gospel
|
Preached by liberal protestant clergymen in the late 19th/early 20th centuries; advocated the application of Christian Principles to social problems generated by industrialization.
|
|
|
Settlement Houses
|
Late-nineteenth-century movement to offer a broad array of social services in urban immigrant neighborhoods; Chicago's Hull House was one of hundreds of settlement houses that operated by the early 20th century.
|
|
|
Erdman Acts
|
Dealt with labor disputes with railway companies about binding arbitration. It prohibited railroad companies to not allow their workers to join a union. If the worker and the employee could not come to an agreement, the government would decide.
|
|
|
Teller Amendment
|
Adopted by congress after the Spanish-American War stating that the United States had no intention of annexing or dominating Cuba.The purpose was to aid Cuban patriots in their struggle for "liberty and freedom". It was declared by Senator Henry Teller of Colorado
|
|
|
Emilio Aguinaldo
|
First Filipino president who established a provisional government with a constitution modeled on that of the United States
|
|
|
Theodore Roosevelt
|
Raised in NYC. Began serving in the state legislature then runs and loses election for Mayer. Despite given no help, he leads troops into Cuba leading from the front on a horse. When McKinley is assassinated, he takes over as president.
|
|
|
The Wisconsin Idea
|
Created by a progressive administration at the state level by Robert M. La Follete who made Wisconsin a laboratory for democracy. These ideas included nominations of candidates for office through primary elections rather than by political bosses, the taxation of corporate wealth, and state regulation of railroads and public utilities
|
|
|
National Civic Federation
|
Federation which accepted the right of collective bargaining for "responsible" unions.
Helped to settle hundreds of industrial disputes and encouraged improvements in factory safety. Established pension plans for long-term workers. They opposed the destruction of labor unions and stated that by raising wages workers will be able to buy more. |
|
|
Samuel Gompers
|
The long-term president of the American Federation of Labor and also served as a Vice President of the National Civic Foundation
|
|
|
Washington Gladden
|
American congregational church pastor and one of the leaders of the social gospel movement. He supported unionization of the workforce and served on the City Council for Columbus, Ohio.
|
|
|
Renum Novarum
|
Written by the catholic church meaning of new things, which discussed the changes needed to take place of the conditions of workers. They concerned themselves with problems of working poor.
|
|
|
Jane Addams
|
Prominent female reformer, governed by "family claim", founded Hull House in Chicago.
|
|
|
Gold Standard
|
Policy at various points in American History by which the value of a dollar is set at a fixed price in terms of gold. i.e. in post WW2 era, $35 for an ounce of gold.
|
|
|
Square Deal
|
A program that attempted to confront the problems caused by economic consolidation by distinguishing between "good" and "bad" corporations.
|
|
|
Direct Primary
|
A preliminary election in which a party's candidates for public office are nominated by direct vote of the people
|
|
|
National Reclamation Act
|
AKA the Newland Act. It was and act that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West. The newly irrigated land would be sold and money would be put into a revolving fund that supported more such projects. This led to the eventual damming of nearly every major wetern river.
|
|
|
Elkins Act
|
Amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. It authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates. It was part of the Square Deal.
|
|
|
Hepburn Act
|
Passed in 1906 to give the ICC the power to examine railroads' business records and to set reasonable rates, a significant step in the development of federal intervention in the corporate economy.
|
|
|
Federal Farm Loan Act
|
A United States federal law that established twelve regional Farm Loan Banks to serve members of Farm Loan Associations. Under the act, farmers could borrow up to 50% of the value of their land and 20% of the value of their improvements. Each bank was given an initial $500,000 deposit of Federal funds to use. The biggest benefit of the act was to allow small farmers to be more competitive with larger businesses. Banks were to provide loans at a competitive rate to small businessmen.
|
|
|
Federal Reserve Act
|
The Act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America, and granted it the legal authority to issue legal tender.
|
|
|
Booker T. Washington
|
Urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation for civil and political rights. Emphasized that obtaining farm or skilled jobs was far more important to African-Americans emerging from slavery than the rights of citizenship.Became the head of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, a center for vocational education.
|
|
|
W. E. B. Dubois
|
Scholar and activist from Massachusetts. Believed that educated blacks like himself must use their education and training to challenge inequality. Felt that investigation, exposure, and education would lead to solutions for social problems.
|
|
|
White House Conservation Congress
|
The Roosevelt Administration had a tremendous record on conservation. Even the casual observer must be amazed at the record: 230 million acres of national forests, national parks, national monuments and wildlife refuges added to the public trust. The Newlands Reclamation Act, the Inland Waterways Commission and the establishment of an independent Forest Service all date to TR's time at the helm.
|
|
|
Federal Highway Act
|
Under the Act, federal funding was provided for rural post roads on the condition that they be open to the public at no charge. Funding was to be distributed to the states based on a formula incorporating each state's geographic area, population, and existing road network. To obtain the funding, states were required to submit project plans, surveys, specifications and estimates to the United States Secretary of Agriculture.
|
|
|
Adamson Act
|
A United States federal law passed in 1916 that established an eight-hour workday, with additional pay for overtime work, for interstate railroad workers.
|
|
|
Workers Compensation
|
A form of insurance that provides periodic payments in lieu of wages and medical care for employees who are injured in the course of employment, in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the employee's right to sue his or her employer for the tort of negligence.
|
|
|
Rough Riders
|
The first US volunteer cavalry, led in battle in the Spanish American War by Theodore Roosevelt; they were victorious in their only battle near Santiago, Cuba, and Roosevelt the notoriety to aid his political career.
|
|
|
Pure Food and Drug Act
|
First law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibited dangerous additives and inaccurate labeling.
|
|
|
19th Amendment
|
Gave women the right to vote.
|
|
|
Meat Inspection Act
|
1906; passed largely in reaction to Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. The law set strict standards of cleanliness in the meatpacking industry.
|
|
|
Industrial Workers of the World
|
Radical union organized in Chicago in 1905 and nicknamed the Wobblies; it's opposistion to WW1 led to it's destruction by the federal government under the Espionage Act.
|
|
|
Ellis Island
|
Reception center in NYC Harbor through which most European immigrants to America were processed from 1892 to 1954
|
|
|
18th Amendment
|
Prohibition amendment that made illegal the manufacture, sale or transportation of alcoholic beverages; repealed in 1933
|
|
|
Homestead Strike
|
Violent strike at the Carnegie Steel Company in Pittsburgh in 1892 that culminated in the defeat of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steelworkers Union
|
|
|
Plessy vs. Ferguson
|
US Supreme Court decision supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or required "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites
|
|
|
American Federation of Labor
|
Founded in 1881 as a federation of trade unions composed of mostly skilled, white, native workers; it's long term president was Samuel Gompers
|
|
|
JP Morgan
|
Financier and creator of US Steel in 1902 by combining 8 large steel companies into the first billion dollar economic enterprise
|
|
|
Welfare Capitalism
|
A more socially conscious kind of business leadership, and trumpeted the fact that they paid more attention to the "human factor" in employment, private pensions, and medical insurance plans.
|
|
|
Gospel of Wealth
|
Philosophy used by Carnegie about philanthropy. You can prepare yourself to be saved, and we should do a service to society.
|
|
|
Horatio Alger Jr.
|
Author of Luck and Pluck which stated that those who achieve success deserve it and we should use money to help others help themselves (philanthropy).
|
|
|
The "new" immigration
|
No barriers on immigration. Infinite amount of people are allowed to come.
|
|
|
Maggie: A Girl in the Streets
|
Fiction in a realistic manner. Unemployed father runs out, mother turns to alcohol, daughter prostitutes. Written by Steven Crane
|
|
|
William McKinley
|
Ohio governor nominated for president by the Republicans, Congressman in 1890, created the strongly protectionist McKinley tariff.
|
|
|
William Jennings Bryan
|
36 years old, young for presidential nominee, Democrats and Populist elected, congressman from Nebraska, Farmers pride and grievances
|
|
|
Reciprocity
|
Blaine's idea that McKinley believes; idea of lowering trade barriers and getting something in return
|
|
|
Spanish American War
|
Americans emergence as a world power; started from Cuban struggle for Independence, "Splendid Little War", lasted for 4 months, fewer than 400 combat deaths
|
|
|
Jefferson Davis
|
Leader of the confederacy during the Civil War. Was a US senator for the state of Mississippi. Captured in May 1865, charged with treason.
|
|
|
GAR
|
Fraternity organizations of Vets from Union Army during Civil War. Acted as an Advocacy Group.
|
|
|
US Steel
|
WOrlds largest integrated steel producer. Bought out Carnegie Steel.
|
