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56 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Thirteenth Amendment
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Constitutional amendment adopted in 1865 that irrevocably abolished slavery throughout the United States
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Jefferson Davis
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Leader of the Confederacy during the Civil War. He was a US Senator for the state of Mississippi. He was captured in May 1865 and was charged with Treason.
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Grand Army of the Republic (GAR)
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Fraternal organizations of veterans from the Union Army during the Civil War.It acted as an advocacy group
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Share cropping
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Type of farm tenancy that developed after the Civil War in which landless workers- often former slaves- farmed land in exchange for farm supplies and a share of the crop.
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Andrew Carnegie
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Emigrated from Dunfermline, Scotland at 13 and moved to Allegehny, PA. He began working as a bobbin boy but was promoted to railroad management during the Civil War. He started taking night classes and took up a job at O'Reilly Telegraphy Company. He becomes a big investor in the 30s and buys a cheap steel company during the depression. He revolutionizes steel production and becomes the CEO of Carnegie steel, which was the worlds leader in steel production. Produces high quality steel for low prices. Made steel vertically integrated owning every step in the process.
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Homestead Strike
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Violent strike at the Carnegie Steel Company near Pittsburgh in 1892 that culminated in the defeat of the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers, the first steelworkers' union.
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J.P. Morgan
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Financier and created of U.S. Steel in 1902 by combining 8 large steel companies into the first billion-dollar economic enterprise.
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U.S. Steel
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The worlds largest Integrated Steel Producer. Bought out Carnegie Steel
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National Cash Register Company (NCR)
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Began in a small factory built on farming land. They created cash registers so there would be less theft and therefore more profit. They treated their employees really well: they worked 8-9 hour shifts, wore all white, extremely clean work conditions. Used tricky methods of selling by messing up machines of competitors.
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John H. Patterson
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Creator of the National Cash Register Corporation
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Welfare Capitalism
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A more socially conscious kind of business leadership that paid more attention to the "human factor" in employment. Implemented private pensions and medical insurance plans along with job security and workplace safety.
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Gospel of Wealth
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A philosophy used by Andrew Carnegie about philanthropy. That you can prepare yourself to be saved and we should do a service to society. Carnegie passed over a lot of money to organizations that helped the ill.
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Horatio Alger Jr.
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The author of Luck and Pluck which stated that those who achieve success deserve it and we should use money to help others help themselves (philanthropy)
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The "new" immigration
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When there are no barriers on immigration. An infinite amount of people are allowed to come.
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Populists
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Founded in 1892, it advocated a variety of reform issues, including free coinage of silver, income tax, postal savings, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators
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Plessy v. Ferguson
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(1896) U.S. Supreme Court decisions supporting the legality of Jim Crow laws that permitted or required "separate but equal" facilities for blacks and whites
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Maggie: A girl of the Streets
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A book written by Stephen Crane. It was realistic fiction about a poor Caucasian girl who lives on the streets after a family breakup where the mom drinks and the sister becomes a prostitute.
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William McKinley
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The most historically important Ohio president. Brought food and coffee to the front line during antietam. First ran for congress but then became the Ohio Governor. He was pro-business and felt that labor unions were beneficial. He went bankrupt in 1893 so connects well with his audience. Was a republican first progressive era president
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William Jennings Bryan
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Populist democrat who ran against McKinley. He was the first person to travel around the country to campaign. He wanted to increase silver currency. Loses to mckinley in 1900.
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Reciprocity
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The idea by James G. Blaine (who mentored McKinley) to pursue treaties with foreign countries in order to lower trade barriers. Over the long run there is more to gain than to lose. A mutual exchange.
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Erdman Act
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Dealt with labor disputes with railway companies about binding arbitration. It prohibited railroad companies to not allow their workers to join a union. If the worker and the employee could not come to an agreement, the government would decide.
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Spanish-American War
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Short little war. 4 months and less than 400 deaths. It was in hopes that Spain would leave Cuba alone. The US had no desire for annexation. It began when Spain supposedly bombed the American Battleship. Most of the engagement took place in the Philippines.
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Teller Amendment
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Adopted by congress after the Spanish-American War stating that the United States had no intention of annexing or dominating Cuba.The purpose was to aid Cuban patriots in their struggle for "liberty and freedom". It was declared by Senator Henry Teller of Colorado
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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First Filipino president who established a provisional government with a constitution modeled on that of the United States
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Theodore Roosevelt
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Raised in NYC. Began serving in the state legislature then runs and loses election for Mayer. Despite given no help, he leads troops into cuba leading from the front on a horse. When McKinley is assassinated, he takes over as president.
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The Wisconsin Idea
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created by a progressive administration at the state level by Robert M. La Follete who made Wisconsin a laboratory for democracy. These ideas included nominations of candidates for office through primary elections rather than by political bosses, the taxation of corporate wealth, and state regulation of railroads and public utilities.
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National Civic Federation (NCF)
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A federation which accepted the right of collective bargaining for "responsible" unions. It helped to settle hundreds of industrial disputes and encouraged improvements in factory safety and the establishment of pension plans for long-term workers.
They opposed the destruction of labor unions and stated that by raising wages workers will be able to buy more. |
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American Federation of Labor (AFL)
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Founded in 1881 as a federation of trade unions composed mostly of skilled, white, native-born workers; its long-term president was Samuel Gompers
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Samuel Gompers
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The long-term president of the American Federation of Labor and also served as a Vice President of the National Civic Foundation
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Industrial Workers of the World
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Radical union organized in Chicago in 1905 and nicknamed the Wobblies; its opposition to WWI led to its destruction by the federal government under the Espionage Act
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Social Gospel
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Preached by liberal Protestant clergymen in the late 19th and early 10th centuries; advocated the application of Christian principles to social problems generated by industrialization.
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Washington Gladden
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American congregational church pastor and one of the leaders of the social gospel movement. He supported unionization of the workforce and served on the City Council for Columbus, Ohio.
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Renum Novarum
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Written by the catholic church meaning of new things, which discussed the changes needed to take place of the conditions of workers. They concerned themselves with problems of working poor.
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Settlement houses
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Late 19th century movement to offer a broad array of social services in urban immigrant neighborhoods; Chicago's Hull House was one of the hundreds of settlement houses that operated by the early 20th century
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Actinomyces:
A. israelii |
gram pos
branching filaments yellow sulfur granules anaerobe normal oral flora |
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Ellis Island
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Reception center in New York Harbor through which most European immigrants to American were processed from 1892 to 1954
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Gold Standard
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Policy at various points in American History by which the value of a dollar is set at a fixed price in terms of gold. ) in the post- WWII era, for example, $35 per ounce of gold)
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Rough Riders
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The first US Volunteer Cavalry, led in battle in the Spanish-American War by Theodore Roosevelt; they were victorious in their only battle near Santiago, Cuba, and Roosevelt used the notoriety to aid his political career
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Square Deal
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Roosevelt's program which attempted to confront the problems caused by economic consolidation by distinguishing between "good" and "bad" corporations. Using the US Steel and Standard Oil gained the public's interest. Their financiers were only interested in profit and had no right to exist
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Direct primary
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A preliminary election in which a party's candidates for public office are nominated by direct vote of the people.
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Nineteenth Amendment
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The amendment that granted women the right to vote
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National Reclamation Act
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AKA the Newland Act. It was and act that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West. The newly irrigated land would be sold and money would be put into a revolving fund that supported more such projects. This led to the eventual damming of nearly every major wetern river.
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Elkins Act
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Amended the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887. It authorized the Interstate Commerce Commission to impose heavy fines on railroads that offered rebates, and upon the shippers that accepted these rebates. It was part of the Square Deal.
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Pure Food and Drug Act
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First law to regulate manufacturing of food and medicines; prohibiting dengerous additives and inaccurate labeling.
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Hepburn Act
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Passed in 1906 to give the ICC the power to examine railroads' business records and to set reasonable rates, a significant step in the development of federal intervention in the corporate economy.
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Meat Inspection Act
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Passed largely in reaction to Upton's Sinclair's The Jungle, the law set strict standards of cleanliness in the meatpacking industry
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Federal Reserve Act
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the Act of Congress that created the Federal Reserve System, the central banking system of the United States of America, and granted it the legal authority to issue legal tender.
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Booker T. Washington
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urged blacks to adjust to segregation and abandon agitation for civil and political rights. Emphasized that obtaining farm or skilled jobs was far more important to African-Americans emerging from slavery than the rights of citizenship.Became the head of the Tuskegee Institute in Alabama, a center for vocational education.
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W.E.B. Du Bois
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Scholar and activist from Massachusetts. Believed that educated blacks like himself must use their education and training to challenge inequality. Felt that investigation, exposure, and education would lead to solutions for social problems.
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Federal Farm Loan Act
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a United States federal law that established twelve regional Farm Loan Banks to serve members of Farm Loan Associations. Under the act, farmers could borrow up to 50% of the value of their land and 20% of the value of their improvements. Each bank was given an initial $500,000 deposit of Federal funds to use. The biggest benefit of the act was to allow small farmers to be more competitive with larger businesses. Banks were to provide loans at a competitive rate to small businessmen.
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Federal Highway Act
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Under the act, farmers could borrow up to 50% of the value of their land and 20% of the value of their improvements. Each bank was given an initial $500,000 deposit of Federal funds to use. The biggest benefit of the act was to allow small farmers to be more competitive with larger businesses. Banks were to provide loans at a competitive rate to small businessmen.Under the Act, federal funding was provided for rural post roads on the condition that they be open to the public at no charge. Funding was to be distributed to the states based on a formula incorporating each state's geographic area, population, and existing road network. To obtain the funding, states were required to submit project plans, surveys, specifications and estimates to the United States Secretary of Agriculture.
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Adamson Act
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a United States federal law passed in 1916 that established an eight-hour workday, with additional pay for overtime work, for interstate railroad workers.
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Workers' Compensation
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a form of insurance that provides periodic payments in lieu of wages and medical care for employees who are injured in the course of employment, in exchange for mandatory relinquishment of the employee's right to sue his or her employer for the tort of negligence.
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Sixteenth Amendment
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Legalized the federal income tax
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Eighteenth amendment
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Prohibition amendment that made illegal the manufacture, sale, or transportation of alcoholic beverages; repealed in 1933
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White house Conservation Conference
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The Roosevelt Administration had a tremendous record on conservation. Even the casual observor must be amazed at the record: 230 million acres of national forests, national parks, national monuments and wildlife refuges added to the public trust. The Newlands Reclamation Act, the Inland Waterways Commission and the establishment of an independent Forest Service all date to TR's time at the helm.
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