History 1301 Unit 2 - Chapter 5

Front 1

George III

Back 1

He became king of England, at age 22, in 1760, but was poorly equipped for the task in knowledge and temperament. His reign of nearly 60 years included the loss of the American colonies, which labeled him a tyrant, industrialization of Great Britan and resistance to Napoleonic France.

Front 2

John Locke

Back 2

An English political philosopher whose theories on the natural rights of life, liberty, and property, expressed in Two Treaties of Government (1690), greatly influenced American founding fathers.

Front 3

Pontiac

Back 3

An Ottawa chief, he organized an Indian uprising along the northwest frontier beginning in 1763, which killed thousands of settlers and besieged Fort Detroit.

Front 4

George Grenville

Back 4

English prime minister and chancellor of the exchequer who initiated policy of taxing American colonists with the Sugar Act (1764) and Stamp Act (1765).

Front 5

Patrick Henry

Back 5

A fiery patriot, he proposed the Virginia Resolves in protest of the Stamp Act and became known for his dramatic speeches for revolution, once proclaiming, "Give me liberty, or give me death!"

Front 6

Charles Townshend

Back 6

As Britan's chancellor of the exchequer, his 1767 plan to raise revenue put duties on various imports to America, including glass, lead, paper, and tea.

Front 7

Lord North

Back 7

As prime minister of Great Britain from 1770 to 1782, he favored repeal of the Townshend Duties, which led to three years of relative calm before conflict with America resumed and led to independence.

Front 8

John Hancock

Back 8

A wealthy Boston merchant, he served as president of the Second Continental Congress, becoming the first person to sign the Declaration of Independence with a large, stylish signature.

Front 9

Samuel Adams

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A Boston patriot closely identified with virtually all revolutionary efforts, he formed the committees of correspondence, called the mass meeting immediately prior to the Boston Tea Party and was a delegate to the First and Second Continental Congress.

Front 10

John Adams

Back 10

A Boston lawyer and political philosopher, he was one of the most influential Founding Fathers, assisting with the writing of the Declaration of Independence, becoming the nation's first vice president and its second president.

Front 11

Paul Revere

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A Boston silversmith and patriot, his fame rests on his popular engraving of the Boston Massacre and his legendary midnight ride to Lexington to warn of the dispatch of Brittish soldiers.

Front 12

Thomas Paine

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This English immigrant called for American independence in his widely read pamphlet, Common Sense (1776), and authored the pro-Revolution series, The American Crisis (1776-83).

Front 13

Thomas Jefferson

Back 13

This multi-talented Virginia patriot and political philosopher was the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, and served as the nation's first secretary of state and third president.

Front 14

Lord Cornwallis

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A leading British general during the Revolutionary War, the surrender of his forces at Yorktown, VA., in 1781 led to the end of the war.

Front 15

John Burgoyne

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This general led a 6,000-man British force south from Canada to cut off New England from the rest of the rebelling colonies, but he was defeated in two battles at Saratoga and surrendered his force. The American victory convinced the French to support the revolution.

Front 16

William Howe

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A British commander-in-chief, he led forces to victory at Bunker Hill, as well as the capture of New York City and Philadelphia, but resigned in 1777 after the defeat at Saratoga.

Front 17

Horatio Gates

Back 17

This American general was credited with the key victory at Saratoga in 1777, but later conspired to replace George Washington as commander. He suffered a humiliating military rout at Camden, S.C., in 1780.

Front 18

Benedict Arnold

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This American general served valiantly in victories at Fort Ticonderoga and Saratoga, as well as the invasion of Canada, but, stung by what he saw as slights, made his name synonymous with "traitor" by conspiring unsuccessfully to hand over the British the fort at West Point, N.Y.

Front 19

Nathaniel Greene

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George Washington's most competent general, he outmaneuvered the British Army during it's Southern campaign, causing its fateful retreat to Yorktown for supplies and rest.

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Whigs

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In mid-18th century Britain, the Whigs were a political faction that dominated Parliament. Generally, they opposed royal influence in government and wanted to increase the power of Parliament. In America, a Whig party coalesced in the 1830s in opposition to President Andrew Jackson. The American Whigs supported federal power and internal improvements but not territorial expansion. The Whig party collapsed in the 1850s.

Front 21

Parliamentary Sovereignty

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Principal that emphasized Parliament's power to govern colonial affairs.

Front 22

Stamp Act of 1765

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Placed a tax on newspapers and printed matter produced in the colonies, causing mass opposition by the colonists.

Front 23

Stamp Act Congress

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Meeting of colonial delegates in New York City in October 1765 to protest the Stamp Act, a law passed by Parliament to raise revenue in America.

Front 24

Boston Massacre

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A violent clash between British troops and a Boston mob on March 5, 1770. Five citizens were killed when the troops fired into the crowd. The incident inflamed anti-British sentiment in Massachusetts.

Front 25

Committee of Correspondence

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Communication network formed in Massachusetts and other colonies to communicate grievances and provide colonists with evidence of Brittish oppression.

Front 26

Boston Tea Party

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Raid on British ships in which patriots disguised as Mohawks threw hundreds of chests of tea owned by the East India Company into the Boston Harbour to protest British taxes.

Front 27

Coercive Acts

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Also known as the Intolerable Acts, the four pieces of legislation passed by Parliament in response to the Boston Tea Party to punish Massachusetts.

Front 28

First Continental Congress

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A meeting of delegates from 12 colonies in Philadelphia in 1774, the Congress denied Parliament's authority to legislate for the colonies, condemned British actions towards the colonies, created the Continental Association, and endorsed a call to take up arms.

Front 29

Second Continental Congress

Back 29

A gathering of colonial representatives in Philadelphia in 1775 that organized the Continental Army and began requisitioning men and supplies for the war effort.

Front 30

"Common Sense"

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Revolutionary tract written by Thomas Paine in 1776. It called for independence and a republican government in America.

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Loyalists

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Colonists sided with Britain during the American Revolution.

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Yorktown

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Virginia market town on a peninsula bounded by the York and James rivers, where Lord Cornwallis's army was trapped by the Americans and French.

Front 33

Treaty of Paris of 1783

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Agreement establishing American independence after the Revolutionary War. It also transferred territory east of the Mississippi River, except for Spanish Florida, to the new republic.

Front 34

Came from all occupations and social classes.

Back 34

American Loyalists, who sided with the British during the War for Independence, ...?

Front 35

Optimistic about the future.

Back 35

At the end of the Seven Years' War, American colonists could be best characterized as ...?

Front 36

Saratoga.

Back 36

The American victory that led to the French alliance occurred at ...?

Front 37

A change in military strategy.

Back 37

For the British, French intervention meant ...?

Front 38

Their strong belief in the powers of their own provincial assemblies.

Back 38

What was the central to the colonists' position in the Anglo-American debate over parliamentary powers?

Front 39

Britain's staggering war debt.

Back 39

What was the most significant consequence of the Seven Years' War?

Front 40

Townshend duties, Boston Massacre, Boston Tea Party, Coercive Acts.

Back 40

Which list places events in the correct order?

Front 41

It provided the colonists with a rationale for revolution.

Back 41

What was the significance of Thomas Paine's "Common Sense"?

Front 42

They maintained political control in areas not occupied by British troops.

Back 42

What was the role of colonial militias?

Front 43

A successful campaign in the Souther colonies.

Back 43

What did military strategists in 1779 predict would be Britain's last chance for victory over the colonies?

Front 44

It allowed Americans the opportunity for an independent nation.

Back 44

What was the significance of the treaty of Paris of 1783?

Front 45

Parliamentary sovereignty

Back 45

The central issue in the Anglo-American debate over governance was ...?

Front 46

The war was merely the first step in the colonists' move toward establishing a truly independent nation.

Back 46

What does the following quote by Benjamin Rush signify? "The American war is over, but this is far from being the case with the American Revolution. On the contrary, nothing but the first act of the great drama is closed."

Front 47

John Locke

Back 47

The English political philosopher most often cited by American rebels was ...?

Front 48

Proclamation of 1763

Back 48

Which prohibited colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains?

Front 49

Ordinary people, as well as the elite.

Back 49

The Stamp Act of 1765 affected ...?

Front 50

Raised the possibility of colonial armed resistance.

Back 50

The Boston Massacre ...?

Front 51

Save the East India Company.

Back 51

The Tea Act of 1773 was passed in order to ...?

Front 52

Forcible resistance to the Coercive Acts.

Back 52

The Suffolk Resolves advocated ...?

Front 53

Thomas Jefferson

Back 53

The primary author of the Declaration of Independence was ...?

Front 54

They turned an elite movement into a mass movement.

Back 54

How did ordinary colonists respond after the wealthy elite had initiated the American rebellion?

Front 55

Restraint and conciliation, with no mention of independence of disloyalty.

Back 55

What was the tone of the Stamp Act Congress?