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177 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Frontside
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Backside
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Prague Spring
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"- Novotny was replaced from Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party by Dubcek 1968
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- Dubcek removed from office
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Husak replace him"
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Dubcek
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"Part of Prague Spring
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"""Socialism with a Human Face"""
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"Dubcek Policy
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- travel to west open to all"
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Cold War Ideology
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Gustav Husak
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"Replaces Dubcek Aug 1968
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PSC
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"Polish Solidarity Campaign
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- 1980: Lech Wlesa set up independent trade union
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Solidary in Gdansk shipyard
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* Stanislaw Kania (Polish General Secretary) agrees
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but USSR moved in Dec 1981
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- Solidarity banned
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Walesa arrested"
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Lech Walesa
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"Leader of Solidarity
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- President of Poland 1990 - 1995"
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Cold War Person
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General Jaruselski
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"Leader of Poland 1968 - 1990
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-Replaced by Lech Walesa"
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Cold War Person
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Poland 1988
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"- Poland's economy faltered under Jaruselki
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- Jaruselki introduced reforms
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talked with PSC and RCC
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-- Solidarity won 92% seats in senate
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160/161 in house of commons
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-- Tadeusz Mazowiecki "
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Cold War Event
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Janos Kadar
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" - Leader of Hungary (1956 - 1990) replacing Imre Nagy
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- Replaced by Jozsef Natal (1990)"
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Cold War Person
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Hungary 1988
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"- Imre Nagy begins democratization due to economic troubles
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- March 1990
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Hungary had free elections
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-- Democratic Forum won
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Jozsef Natal becomes PM"
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East Germany 1989
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"- East Germany had most repressive regime led by Erich Honecker
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- October 1989: Demonstrators in E. Ger. demand more freedom (Honecker wanted to shoot protestors
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but was over-ruled by party officials)
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* Nov. 9
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1989: Berlin wall opens
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- Elections held
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Helmut Koh's Christian Democrats won on a re-unification platform
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- Oct 30
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1990: Ger united under Kohl as Chancellor
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- Honecker escapes to USSR
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later imprisoned for treason and crimes comitted while in office"
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Helmut Kohl
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"- Chancellor of W. Ger. (1982 - 1990)
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- Chancellor of reunited Ger. (1990 - 1998)"
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Cold War Person
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Erich Honecker
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"- Leader of E. Ger. (1971 - 1989)
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- Harsh
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brutal regime
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- Escaped to USSR when Ger. Reunited
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eventually imprisoned for treason and crimes committed while in office
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- Died in exile in Chile in 1994"
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Cold War Person
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Czechslovakia 1989
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"- economy lagged in 1980s
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- Nov 28
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1989: Communist Party announces it would relinquish power
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* 1992: Czech Republic and Slovakia created"
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Cold War Event
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Vaclav Havel
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- PM of democratic Czechslovakia 1989
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Velvet Revolution
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"- Nov - Dec 1989
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-- started as a peaceful student protest
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but eventually swells to 1/2 million people in Prague
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-- Start of Czechslovakia independence from USSR"
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Cold War Event
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Romania 1989
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"- Nicolae Ceausescu ruled as dictator since 1965 (brutal repressive gov)
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- Dec 16
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1989: Protest at Timisoara --> Army moves in
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- Dec 21
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1989: Ceausescu condemns uprising in Timisoara
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- Dec 22
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1989: Another protest erupts
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- Since Romania has no democratic tradition
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National Salvation Front under Ion Iliescu ruled until 1996"
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Nicolae Ceausescu
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"Romanian dictator (1965 - 1989)
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- replaced by Ion Iliescu"
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Cold War Person
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Ion Iliescu
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"Leader of National Salvation Front
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- Ruled Romania 1989 - 1996"
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Cold War Person
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Bulgaria 1990
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"1990: Todor Zhivkov (who refused reforms) replaced by Politburo
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June 1990: Socialist Party won office at first free election"
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Cold War Event
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Todor Zhivkov
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"Leader of Bulgaria who refused reforms
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- Replaced by Politburo in 1990"
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Cold War Person
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Albania 1992
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"* Albania never a soviet Satellite b/c of Enver Hoxha (who dies 1985)
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March 1991: Fraud election
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communist wins
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March 1992: New election held
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Democratic Party
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Enver Hoxha
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"Dictator and PM of Albania (1945 - 1985)
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- Prevented Albania from being a USSR satellite state"
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Cold War Person
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Yugoslavia (1945 - 1988)
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"- Composed of Slovenia
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- After Tito dies (1980)
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diff ethnic groups ruled Yugo. under collective Presidency"
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Slobodan Milosevic
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"1988: Milosevic comes to power
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Tried for crimes committed @ Kosovo (1999)
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died @ The Hague March 2006"
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Serb-Croat War 1991
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"June 1991: Croatia and Slovenia declared independence
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* UN sends 11
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000 peace keeping troops to Croatia
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1992: Croatia
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Slovenia
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Bosnia-Herzegovina War 1992
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"- Pop. 39% Muslim
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* Ethnic Cleansing: 100
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000 - 110
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- Milosevic tried for crimes committed @ Kosovo (died at The Hague March 2006)"
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Cold War Event
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Why did Communism Collapse in Eastern Bloc Countries?
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"1. Economics
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- Poor economics led to poor conditions
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which led to discontent
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- New tech difficult to censor and control
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leading to word spreading about the west and higher expectations in the east
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- Refused to use force against Poland (1989)
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which led to other Eastern Block Countries to break away (Domino Effect)
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-- Czechoslovakia fought to free itself from Austria-Hungary
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then Ger
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-- Prussians did not connect with Slavic Russians"
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Cold War Question
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In what order did the Eastern Bloc Countries break away from USSR?
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"1. Poland
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8. Break up of Yugoslavia"
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Cold War Question
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"List
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in order
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2. Yuri Andropov (1982-1984) --> Attempt to rid the party of corruption
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attempted to rekindle detente
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3. Konstantin Chernenko (1984-1985) --> Was ill when took office
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Gorbachev did most of his work
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4. Mikhail Gorbachev (1985 - 1991) --> last leader of USSR"
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Cold War Question
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What are the Problems facing the USSR in 1990
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"1. Economic Stagnation
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- By 1989
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Russia did not want to start a civil war in its own land"
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Gorbachev's Mistakes
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"- Anti-alcohol campaign cos the state lost revenue
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- Decline in net productions (eg. 9% from 1988 - 1990)"
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Cold War Question
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Chernobyl Disaster
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"Melt-down of nuclear power plant
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- 350
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000 people evacuated and resettled
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* Showed USSR not prepared for a nuclear disaster of this scale"
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Cold War Event
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Glasnost
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"- ""Openess"" 1986
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* Opened a can of worms"
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Cold War Ideology
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Perestroika
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"- Book published by Gorbachev
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* 2 1/2's of the same walnut as Glasnost"
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Cold War Ideology
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Socialist Market Economy
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"- Term itself a contradiction
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- State-runned stores had nothing on its shelves"
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Cold War Ideology
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Reform Congress
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"May 25 - June 9 1989: Televised (more criticism)
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3. Traditional communists"
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Cold War Event
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Collapse of USSR
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"1. June 12
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4. August 19-21 1991: August Coup D'Etat (Hardlined communist conspirators put Gorbachev under house arrest while he was vacationing in the Crimea
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Yeltsin saves the day)
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5. December 25
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1991: USSR abolished
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MAD
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Mutually Assured Destruction
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SAC
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Strategic Air Command
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Coventional Weapons
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Anthing not nuclear
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Pre-emptive Strike
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Striking before the enemy has a chance to --> Surprise attack to disable the enemy
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ICBM
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Intercontinental Ballistic Missles
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SLBM
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Sea Launched Ballistic Missles
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Sputnick I
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First Russian Satellite in Space (1957)
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Yuri Gagarin
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First human in space (Russian) 1961
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Partial Test Ban Treaty
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"- Signed 1963 after Cuban Missle Crisis
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- h/e
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both countries countinued ""brinkmanship"" and stockpile weapons"
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Nuclear Non-Proligeration Treaty
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"-BR
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- Israel
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India
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SALT I
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"Strategic Arms Limitations Talk I (1972)
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-- h/e
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USA had superiority in other weapons (eg. Long-ranger bombers
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SALT II
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"Strategic Arms Limitations Talk I (1979)
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- h/e
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Senate refused to ratify SALT II after Soviet invasion of Afghanistan"
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Helsinki Accords
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"- 35 countries (USA
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-- Equal rights and self-determination of peoples"
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Cold War Treaty
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SDI
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"Strategic Defence Initiative (Star Wars) 1983
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- Caused USSR to worry & made them realize they could not continue further arms race"
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Cold War Weapon
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5 Meetings btw Reagan and Gorbachev
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"1. Geneva (Nov 1985) --> Friendly relations established
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2. Reykjavik (Oct 1986) --> Reduction of strategic weapons
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h/e
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5. New York (Dec 1988) --> Promised to reduce # of troops and equipment in Europe
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Also withdrawal from Afghanistan"
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Prague Spring
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"- Novotny was replaced from Secretary of the Czechoslovak Communist Party by Dubcek 1968, who instituted reforms.
|
|
|
Dubcek
|
Part of Prague Spring, wanted political reforms, "socialism with a human face", eventually replaced by Gustav Husak
|
|
|
"Socialism with a Human Face"
|
"Dubcek Policy,
|
|
|
Gustav Husak
|
Replaces Dubcek Aug 1968, replaced by Jakes in 1987
|
|
|
PSC
|
"Polish Solidarity Campaign
|
|
|
Lech Walesa
|
"Leader of Solidarity
|
|
|
General Jaruselski
|
"Leader of Poland 1968 - 1990
|
|
|
Poland 1988
|
"- Poland's economy faltered under Jaruselki
|
|
|
Janos Kadar
|
" - Leader of Hungary (1956 - 1990) replacing Imre Nagy
|
|
|
Hungary 1988
|
"- Imre Nagy begins democratization due to economic troubles
|
|
|
East Germany 1989
|
"- East Germany had most repressive regime led by Erich Honecker
|
|
|
Helmut Kohl
|
"- Chancellor of W. Ger. (1982 - 1990)
|
|
|
Erich Honecker
|
"- Leader of E. Ger. (1971 - 1989)
|
|
|
Czechslovakia 1989
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"- economy lagged in 1980s, Husak replaced by Milos Jakes (1987)
|
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Vaclav Havel
|
- PM of democratic Czechslovakia 1989
|
|
|
Velvet Revolution
|
"- Nov - Dec 1989
|
|
|
Romania 1989
|
"- Nicolae Ceausescu ruled as dictator since 1965 (brutal repressive gov)
|
|
|
Nicolae Ceausescu
|
"Romanian dictator (1965 - 1989)
|
|
|
Ion Iliescu
|
"Leader of National Salvation Front
|
|
|
Bulgaria 1990
|
"1990: Todor Zhivkov (who refused reforms) replaced by Politburo
|
|
|
Todor Zhivkov
|
"Leader of Bulgaria who refused reforms
|
|
|
Albania 1992
|
"* Albania never a soviet Satellite b/c of Enver Hoxha (who dies 1985)
|
|
|
Enver Hoxha
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"Dictator and PM of Albania (1945 - 1985)
|
|
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Yugoslavia (1945 - 1988)
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"- Composed of Slovenia, Coatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia
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Slobodan Milosevic
|
"1988: Milosevic comes to power
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Serb-Croat War 1991
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"June 1991: Croatia and Slovenia declared independence
|
|
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Bosnia-Herzegovina War 1992
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"- Pop. 39% Muslim, 32% Serbs, 18% Croatians
|
|
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Why did Communism Collapse in Eastern Bloc Countries?
|
"1. Economics
|
|
|
In what order did the Eastern Bloc Countries break away from USSR?
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"1. Poland
|
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List, in order, USSR Leaders after Khrushchev
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"1. Leonid Brezhnev (1964-1982) --> Worked to thaw cold war relations (responsible for detent, Helsinki Accords, SALT I and II, War with Afghanistan)
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What are the Problems facing the USSR in 1990
|
"1. Economic Stagnation
|
|
|
Gorbachev's Mistakes
|
"- Anti-alcohol campaign cos the state lost revenue
|
|
|
Chernobyl Disaster
|
"Melt-down of nuclear power plant
|
|
|
Glasnost
|
"- ""Openess"" 1986
|
|
|
Perestroika
|
"- Book published by Gorbachev
|
|
|
Socialist Market Economy
|
"- Term itself a contradiction
|
|
|
Reform Congress
|
"May 25 - June 9 1989: Televised (more criticism)
|
|
|
Collapse of USSR
|
"1. June 12, 1991: Yeltsin elected as Pres of Russian Federation
|
|
|
MAD
|
Mutually Assured Destruction
|
|
|
SAC
|
Strategic Air Command
|
|
|
Coventional Weapons
|
Anthing not nuclear
|
|
|
Pre-emptive Strike
|
Striking before the enemy has a chance to --> Surprise attack to disable the enemy
|
|
|
ICBM
|
Intercontinental Ballistic Missles
|
|
|
SLBM
|
Sea Launched Ballistic Missles
|
|
|
Sputnick I
|
First Russian Satellite in Space (1957)
|
|
|
Yuri Gagarin
|
First human in space (Russian) 1961
|
|
|
Partial Test Ban Treaty
|
"- Signed 1963 after Cuban Missle Crisis
|
|
|
Nuclear Non-Proligeration Treaty
|
"-BR, US, USSR limit spread of nuclear weapons (1968)
|
|
|
SALT I
|
"Strategic Arms Limitations Talk I (1972)
|
|
|
SALT II
|
"Strategic Arms Limitations Talk I (1979)
|
|
|
Helsinki Accords
|
"- 35 countries (USA, Canada, USSR + European countries except Albania and Andorra)
|
|
|
SDI
|
"Strategic Defence Initiative (Star Wars) 1983
|
|
|
5 Meetings btw Reagan and Gorbachev
|
"1. Geneva (Nov 1985) --> Friendly relations established, agreement nuclear war not winnable
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