Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Joint-stock companies
|
-invented from the request of new markets
-led to the exploration of North America -wanted to find new market goods to bring back to England |
|
|
Motives for English Exploration and Settlement (3)
|
-diplomatic/competition with Spain
-economic/search for new markets*main motive -demographic/population boom |
|
|
Settlement of Jamestown
|
-first successful English settlement in North America
-May 4th, 1607 after King James I -founded by joint-stock company called the Virginia Company -38 of the first 100 people survived |
|
|
Virginia Company
|
-group of directors
-sold shares to people in England -purpose was to get a quick profit -located in England -sent settlers that weren't able to survive -dissolved in 1624 because of Powhatan Uprising -Virginia becomes royal colony 1624 |
|
|
Winter of 1609-1610
|
-labeled the "starving time"
-very harsh winter that brought many casualties -61 of 500 survived -Powhatan Confederacy supplied food to them but didn't help much |
|
|
Virginia Environment
|
-deadly environment
-swampy, wet and humid -water was too salty and full of animal waste -company sent settlers who weren't able to survive |
|
|
Virginia Settlers and Company Expectations
|
-to trade with natives and create a relationship
-the natives would trade and work for them -they thought religion would be a tool to get the Natives to help establish a colony |
|
|
Powhatan Confederacy
|
-12 tribes that were loosely allied
-30,000 people -supplied food to the settlers during the "starving time" -outbreaks of violence between them and the colony |
|
|
"Lawes Divine, Morall, and Martiall"
|
-created by Thomas Dale in 1611
-military-style law -people lived barricks -marched single file to fields and church |
|
|
Reforms 1616-1618
|
-Virginia Company changes expectations
-company creates headright system of 1617 -give up on get "rich quick" idea and turns to tobacco |
|
|
Headright System
|
-get 50 acres for anyone who could pay their way over or someone else's passage
-female settlers met "husband" at dock -creates representative assembly 1619 based on how much land you own |
|
|
Tobacco Boom 1620s
|
-soil/climate suitable for tobacco growing
-lots of land available for the growing -deep rivers made the area convenient for shipping -profitable and became very popular throughout Europe -Spanish tobacco was far better, so they grew that in Virginia |
|
|
Impact of Tobacco
|
-gave settlers hope
-environment matches culture and beliefs -profitable plant (cash crop) |
|
|
Powhatan Uprising 1622
|
-chief ordered an attack on settlers
-settlers were spread out because of tobacco farms/no towns -didn't wipe out settlers but created uneasy peace -ordered a 2nd attack in 1644 -1622 attack ended the Virginia Company |
|
|
Indentured Servitude
|
-labor to pay for passage and freedom into the New World
-owner gets 50 acres for servitude when he pays for the servant -after you do your time you are given essentials to start your own life such as a tobacco farm |
|
|
Political System (Virginia)
|
-Royal governor appointed by the King
-Council that was appointed by the royal governor -House of Burgesses which was elected by landholding freemen |
|
|
Social System (Virginia)
|
-great planters had lots of land, wealth, and indentured servants from Tobacco Boom
-freemen with land holding -landless=renters, wage laborers -indentured servants -slaves=Indian and few African slaves |
|
|
Bacon's Rebellion (1676)
|
-Governor William Berkeley was asked to build an army to defeat the Indians
-he refuses Bacon's plan to destroy the Indians and run them out because: -Governor Berkeley was scared Bacon would take the army into Jamestown -Bacon's Plan was to run the Indians out to create more land to have and calm the angry people after the Indian attacks -800 of 1000 survived=low mortality - |
|
|
Nathaniel Bacon
|
-from wealthy family
-appointed to government council -led rebellion with indentured servants to kill Indians after Governor Berkeley refused to do so |
|
|
Why do abundant land and high mortality rates go down?
|
the system of indentured servitude was temporary and people had a chance to do something with their lives
-leds to less indentured servants and to more slaves -social and political instability |
|
|
England: Political Challenges in 1530s
|
-Henry VIII wants a divorce after not creating a boy
-church refuses it -Church of England pertained catholic practices but was Anglican |
|
|
Switzerland: Theological Challenges in 1530s
|
-John Calvin born in France
-creates Calvinism -challenges the Catholic church and creates a new religion |
|
|
Calvinism
|
-humans are born corrupt
-salvation through God's grace, not through good works -predestination -"saintly" life=avoid sin, work hard -emphasis on Bible and sermon -Puritans followed this |
|
|
Puritans
|
-Calvinists within the Church of England
-founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony -believed they will "purify" the Church of England of Catholic practices -middle class: professionals, merchants, artisans, and farmers -educated and literate |
|
|
Charles I 1625
|
-expansion of authority
-harassment of dissenters -dissolved Parliament in 1629 |
|
|
Massachusetts Bay Company
|
-created in 1629
-joint-stock company but not located in England -get "quick profit" -safe place for the Puritans |
|
|
Great Migration 1630-1642
|
-12 years and 20,000 come over to Massachusetts or New England
-ship after ship brought families that were mostly Puritan to New England |
|
|
Massachusetts Culture
|
-religious freedom
-work together=anti-individualism -a lot of love and passion -self-conscious mission -religious |
|
|
Massachusetts Environment
|
-less rivers
-not marshy -healthy climate compared to Virginia -not as much disease -Indian depopulated because of disease -adequate soil for food crops not cast crops |
|
|
Covenant
|
-agreement between 2 or more parties
-between an individual and God was most important -Family and Church were center of life -levels of church were congregation and church of saints -everyone belongs to congregation -gave leaders of covenant, more land |
|
|
Church of Saints
|
-examination of character
-and interviewed to see if you had a salvation -advantage was you sat in better spot in church and get more land |
|
|
Exclusions and Kick Outs
|
-Puritans warned out people who were disorderly or unruly
-when whippings didn't work they would also warn them out -religious dissenters would be kicked out |
|
|
Changes in 17th Century in Massachusetts
|
-conflict with Indians grew as the colonist moved inland
-2 wars: Pequot War 1633-1637 and King Phillip's War 1675-1676 -decline in spiritual intensity because of new generations -Winthrop's speech was inspiring for that generation because they were on a mission -breakdown of town unity -they start to sue each other and there was more friction -more complex economy because of surplus agriculture and rise of merchants |
|
|
Reasons for Population Growth compared to England
|
-death rate was lower than birth rate
-immigration -death rate was lower due to less disease compared to England -birth rate was double to Englands -marriage is earlier in the colonies because abundant land was available from pass generations |
