History 112 Chapter 15

Front 1

Section of Spain in which Muslim control was limited by the end of the thirteenth century.

Back 1

Kingdom of Granada

Front 2

Ruling dynasty that won the crown of the Holy Roman Empire late in the thirteenth century and held it for centuries almost without interruption.

Back 2

Habsburgs

Front 3

Title given to Ferdinand and Isabella.

Back 3

Catholic Majesties ( given by the Pope)

Front 4

Religious institution used by Ferdinand and Isabella to increase royal power as well as to stamp out religious heresy.

Back 4

Spanish Inquisition

Front 5

This document in 1356 provided a system for choosing the emperor in the Holy Roman Empire.

Back 5

Golden Bull

Front 6

Mercenary forces in Italy used by competing city-states in Italy in intra-city conflicts. (not covered in class)

Back 6

The Condotierri, many of them where Spanish, they would change sides in mid battle

Front 7

Weapon that gave English armies an advantage over their French opponents during the Hundred Years' War, until the French adopted the use of gunpowder.

Back 7

Long bow

Front 8

Series of wars in England that lasted thirty years, which brought the Tudor family to power

Back 8

Wars of the Roses

Front 9

Peasant girl who stimulated French patriotism against the English during the Hundred Years' War.

Back 9

Joan of Arc

Front 10

Habsburg Monarch, who, in the sixteenth century led European efforts to protect Catholic orthodoxy, often with military force.

Back 10

Philip the 2nd son of Charles the 5th

Front 11

Leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish.

Back 11

illiam of Orange ( nickname William the Silent)

Front 12

Order issued by Henry IV (French king - note the IV after his name and the country), intended to protect the liberties of French Huguenots.

Back 12

Edict of Nantes

Front 13

Catholic queen of Scotland who was the center of Catholic schemes against Elizabeth of England.

Back 13

Mary of Guise the Scotland regent for her daughter Mary Stuart queen of France and Scotland.

Front 14

Leader of the revolt against Queen Mary Stuart that established the Presbyterian Church in Scotland.

Back 14

The Calvinist named John Knox.

Front 15

Fleet of Spanish ships launched in 1588 and driven back by the "Protestant Wind".

Back 15

Armada

Front 16

Nickname for the autocratic Russian ruler Ivan IV, who undertook to modernize Russia in the sixteenth century.

Back 16

Ivan the Terrable

Front 17

Incident in 1618 which involved Bohemian leaders throwing two Catholic government officials out a window in a highly charged religious atmosphere.

Back 17

Defenestration of Prague

Front 18

Define -

Hanseatic League

Back 18

A commercial league of mostly German cities extended from the English Channel to the eastern end of the Baltic Sea. that was active between the 13th and 17th centuries.

Front 19

Define -

Schmalkaldic League

Back 19

A defensive alliance of Lutheran princes organized in 1531 under the leadership of Phillip the Magnanimous of Hesse to defend themselves against the Catholic powers of the Holly Roman Empire

Front 20

Define -

Wars of the Roses

Back 20

The Hundred Years' War exhausted England and fueled discounted with the monarch in Parliament and among the common people. Baroniathel rivalry to control both Parliament and the crown erupted into full-scale civil war known as “ The wars of the Roses, which lasted 30 years”.The white rose was the symbol of the Yorkists, and the red rose the house was the symbol of the House of Lancaster. The war ended in 1485 with the victory of Henry Tudor. “ Henry the 7th”

Front 21

Define -

Henry VIII

Back 21

Ruler of England who broke from the Catholic church in 1527 because he could not have a divorce. Proclaimed himself head of the Anglican church.