History 1050: Test 3

Front 1

Constantinople

Back 1

new capital of the Roman empire, at ancient Byzantium, created by Constantine the Great (largest and wealthiest European city)

Front 2

Justinian

Back 2

Byzantine emperor who sought to revive the empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the historical Roman Empire

Front 3

Code of Justinian

Back 3

codification of Roman law put together by Justinian in attempt to repair the empire's legal system

Front 4

Belisarius

Back 4

general of Byzantine empire and was instrumental to Emperor Justinian's ambitious project to reconquer much of the Mediterranean territory of the former Western Roman empire

Front 5

Narses

Back 5

one of the great generals in the service of the Byzantine emperor Justinian during the Roman reconquest

Front 6

Maurice's Strategikon

Back 6

manual of war written in the late 6th century accredited to the Byzantine emperor Maurice (military strategy)

Front 7

Lombards

Back 7

Germanic tribe who ruled Italy

Front 8

Mecca

Back 8

birthplace and a sight of the first revelation of the Quran of Muhammad

Front 9

Muhammad

Back 9

united Arabia into a single religious polity under Islam, believed to be a messenger and prophet of God

Front 10

Umayyad Caliphate

Back 10

second of the four major Islamic caliphates established after the death of Muhammad (largest empire the world had yet seen)

Front 11

Abbasid Caliphate

Back 11

third of the Islamic caliphates to succeed the prophet Muhammad, ruled as caliphs after taking the authority of the Muslim empire from the Umayyad

Front 12

Jesus

Back 12

awaited messiah of the old testament, central figure of Christianity as the "son of God"

Front 13

Sermon on the Mount

Back 13

longest, and best known piece of teaching of Jesus, which emphasize his moral teaching found in the gospel of Matthew

Front 14

Twelve Apostles

Back 14

primary disciples of Jesus Christ, closest followers, primary teachers of the gospel message of Jesus

Front 15

Apostolic Christianity

Back 15

religion based on Jesus' legacy of teachings

Front 16

Peter & Paul

Back 16

one is the one that Jesus left in charge and the other was a persecutor of Christians but then is converted after he sees Jesus and tells him that Christianity needs to be spread with everyone

Front 17

Council of Jerusalem

Back 17

meeting about a debate if males had to become circumcised in order to convert and if it should become widespread

Front 18

Bishop

Back 18

an ordained member of the Christian clergy who is trusted with a position of authority

Front 19

Metropolitan Christianity

Back 19

retains traditional belief but is more orthodox (wrote more things down), become highest in hierarchy

Front 20

Council of Nicaea

Back 20

settlement of the debate of the nature of the Son of God & his relationship to God the Father (est. of the date of Easter)

Front 21

Nicene Creed

Back 21

the Christian creed that says that God was a trinity (father, son, spirit)

Front 22

Bible

Back 22

canonical collection of texts considered sacred by Christianity and Judaism

Front 23

Augustine

Back 23

Christian theologian whose writings were very influential in the development of Western Christianity & western philosophy (wrote city of God)

Front 24

City of God

Back 24

book of Christian philosophy by Augustine of Hippo (describes after-life kingdom and apocolypse)

Front 25

Apostolic Succession

Back 25

ministry of the Christian church is held to be derived from the Christian church is held to be derived from the apostles

Front 26

Petrine Supremacy

Back 26

doctrine held by some Christians that Simon Peter was the most prominent of the 12 apostles

Front 27

Pope

Back 27

bishop of Rome & leader of the worldwide catholic church ("rock upon which the church would be built")

Front 28

Five Pillars of Islam

Back 28

five basic acts considered mandatory by believers and are the foundation of Muslim life. (include Muslim life, prayer, concern for the needy, self purification and pilgrimage)

Front 29

Qur'an

Back 29

"the recitation", central religious text of Islam which Muslims believe to be a revelation from God

Front 30

Hadith

Back 30

"tradition" report of deeds and sayings of Muhammad

Front 31

Sharia

Back 31

moral code and religious law of a prophetic religion

Front 32

Jihad

Back 32

religious duty of Muslims

Front 33

Sunni and Shi'a

Back 33

two major denominations of Islam

Front 34

Umma

Back 34

ancient city in Sumer

Front 35

Gallo-Romanism

Back 35

unique culture conquered by Caesar, and adopted different types of governments

Front 36

Franks

Back 36

confederation of Germanic tribes ruling Western Europe

Front 37

Merovingian Dynasty

Back 37

dynasty that ruled Franks founded by Childeric I

Front 38

Clovis

Back 38

king of the Franks to unite all of the Frankish tribes under one ruler, founder of Merovingian Dynasty

Front 39

Salic Law

Back 39

major body of law governing all the Franks under the rule of its king, provided written codification of both civil law and criminal law

Front 40

Monasticism

Back 40

(monkhood) involves renouncing wordly pursuits to fully devote one's self to spiritual work

Front 41

Gregory I

Back 41

pope, well known for his writings that were more prolific than any others. established mass, bible songs and emphasizes power of bishops

Front 42

Wynfrid/Boniface

Back 42

monk comes from English monastery to go to Germany to convert people step by step

Front 43

Mayor of the Palace

Back 43

assistant/manager of the king in the Merovingian Dynsaty

Front 44

Carolingians

Back 44

family that slowly consolidated power making its way to the Mayor of the Palace's position and then becoming the rulers of the throne

Front 45

Charles Martel

Back 45

chief Carolingian statesman and military leader was the de facto ruler of Francia (founding figure of middle ages)

Front 46

Battle of Tours

Back 46

battle between Frankish and Aquitaine, giver Charles the nickname "hammer"

Front 47

Charlemagne

Back 47

sole ruler of the Frankish kingdom after brother's sudden death, crowned emperor by Pope Leo and united Western Europe

Front 48

Alcuin of York

Back 48

leading scholar and teacher of the Carolingian court, among the most important architects of the Carolingian era

Front 49

Christendom

Back 49

idea that all Christianity is not only a religious group but that they also constitute a political state

Front 50

Holy Roman Empire

Back 50

complex of territories in central Europe that developed that developed in the Middle ages and continued until its dissolution in 1806

Front 51

Vikings

Back 51

seafaring people of Germanic descent who raided, traded, and explored in wide areas

Front 52

Danelaw

Back 52

historical name given to the part of England in which the laws of the Danes dominated

Front 53

William the Bastard

Back 53

first Norman king of England, descendant of viking raiders

Front 54

Hugh Capet

Back 54

first king of the Franks of the Capetian Dynasty. Succeeded last Carolingian Louis V

Front 55

Feudalism

Back 55

legal and military customs set in medieval Europe; system of structuring society around relationships derived from the holding of land in exchange for service/labor

Front 56

Manorialism

Back 56

element of feudal society, organizing principle of rural economy

Front 57

Fief

Back 57

heritable property or rights granted by a an overload or vassal in return for a feudal allegiance and service

Front 58

Vassal

Back 58

person who has entered into a mutual obligation to a lord or monarch (in feudal system)

Front 59

Demesne

Back 59

land retained by a lord of the manor for his own use and support

Front 60

Madrasa

Back 60

type of educational institution

Front 61

ibn sina

Back 61

physician, built upon human's anatomy. comments on Aristotle and applies aristotilian strategy on religion

Front 62

Ibn Rushd

Back 62

polymath, 2 forms of the soul and two paths to truth (philosophy & religion)

Front 63

Kiev Rus

Back 63

under the reign of the Rurik dynasty, they claim it as their cultural inheritance

Front 64

Battle of Manzikert

Back 64

fought between the byzantine empire and Seljuk Turks. Defeat of byzantine army played an important role in undermining byzantine authority

Front 65

Great Schism

Back 65

medieval division of Chalcedonian Christianity into eastern and western branches (later becomes Eastern Orthodox Church)

Front 66

Crusades

Back 66

military campaigns done by the Roman Catholic Church to restore Christian access to holy places

Front 67

Urban II

Back 67

initiates first crusade

Front 68

Council of Clermont

Back 68

called by Pope Urban II and was an assembly for church reform

Front 69

"Take up the Cross"

Back 69

holy symbol meaning to be with God

Front 70

Kingdom of Jerusalem

Back 70

crusader state established in the southern Levant after the first crusade

Front 71

Salah al-Din

Back 71

founder of Ayyubid Dynasty, led Muslim opposition to European crusaders in Levant

Front 72

Battle of Hattin

Back 72

(Horns of Hattin) muslim armies under Salah al-din captured/killed vast majority of crusader forces

Front 73

Qin Dynasty

Back 73

first imperial dynasty of china, formed after the conquer of six other states by the name of Qin

Front 74

Qin Shi Huang

Back 74

first emperor of the Qin dynasty, greatly expanded the size of the Chinese state

Front 75

Han Dynasty

Back 75

imperial Chinese dynasty, preceded by the Qin Dynasty, founded by rebel leader emperor Gaozu

Front 76

Song Dynasty

Back 76

first government to nationally issue bank notes/money, established a permanent standing navy

Front 77

Yamato

Back 77

semantically extended to mean Japan

Front 78

Asuka Period

Back 78

significant artistic, social, and political transformations, arrival of Buddhism

Front 79

Ritsuryo

Back 79

historical law system based on the philosophies of Confucianism, and Chinese legalism

Front 80

Pagoda

Back 80

built in the traditions originating in historic east Asia or with respect to those traditions

Front 81

Heian Period

Back 81

last division of classical Japanese history

Front 82

Fujiwara

Back 82

Japanese surname

Front 83

Tale of Genji

Back 83

classic work of Japanese literature, written by a lady (first novel)

Front 84

Murisaki Shikibu

Back 84

women author of Tale of Genji

Front 85

Kamakura Period

Back 85

governance by kamakura shogunate, period of emergence of the Samurai, the warrior caste, and establishment of feudalism in Japan

Front 86

Minamoto Yoritomo

Back 86

founder of first shogun and the first shogun of the kamakura shogunate

Front 87

Shogunate

Back 87

military commander

Front 88

Hojo

Back 88

family who controlled the hereditary title of shikken (regent)

Front 89

Daimyo

Back 89

powerful territorial lords who ruled most of the country from their mass land holdings

Front 90

Samurai

Back 90

the military nobility of medieval and early modern Japan