History 105 Part 2

Front 1

Appomattox

Back 1

-Where Lee surrenders his army to Grant.

Front 2

Pickett’s Charge

Back 2

-During the third day of the battle of Gettysburg, George Picket led a charge from the trees into the open field where the Union lines were. Most casualties happened at the fense. Very few even make it to the Union Lines. Almost 7,000 die in this attempt. This is a disaster for the Confederacy. This is considered the moment that broke the confederacy. 11th Mississippi was involved.

Front 3

Draft Riots

Back 3

-U.S. government required immediate registration. Citizens in New York were angry about the draft. Many of these were Irish immigrants.
-Mob violence breaks out and African American businesses were targeted. At the end of the riots, 120 dead, 2000 injured.

Front 4

USCT

Back 4

-United States Colored Troops, over 200,000 26 medal of honor winners, never allowed to have black officers and were overseen by white officers.
-Less pay, and were used for labor in early stages of enlistment.
-Confederates will treat them as slaves if arrested.
-Eventually earn combat roles and at the battle of Fort Wagoner, The black soldiers holding this fort are massacred. The 54th Massachussets (Glory) charge the fort and die.

Front 5

Emancipation Proclamation

Back 5

-Promised to free slaves in states currently in rebellion if they didn’t return to the Union within a year.
-Doesn’t free slaves, just slaves in rebellion.
-Made the Civil War a moral crusade.
-MANY slaves ended up joining the Union.
-African Americans begin being encouraged to join the Union Army.

Front 6

Shiloh

Back 6

-Union needed Tenessee as part of the anaconda plan. They also needed a railroad junction in Corinth MS.
-On their way they are stopped at a little Church called Shiloh
-Two day battle ensues, 23,000 casualties
-Union ultimately wins and takes Tenessee.
-This propelled Ulysses S. Grant’s popularity.

Front 7

Antietam

Back 7

-While Lee was on his way to Maryland, one soldier drops a cigar box wrapped with Lee’s battle plan to invade Maryland. Union finds the box and meets Lee’s army at Antietam Creek.
-In one day there are 23,000 casualties, the bloodies day in American history.
-Ends in a draw. Lee is stopped but not defeated.
-Confederates loose British support
-Kentucky is now surrounded and cant join the Union, Boarder states are now leaning to the Union.

Front 8

Trent affair

Back 8

-Trent was a British ship sailing off the coast of Cuba when it ran into an American naval blockade in Florida.
-US boards the ship and arrests two confederate diplomats who were onboard.
-British demand an apology from president Lincoln and the release of the diplomats. They even send troops to Canada to prepare for war.
-LINColn releases the men and the british stand down.

Front 9

habeas corpus

Back 9

-Law that requires you to be informed by what charges are made against you before your arrest.
-Lincoln suspends this right in the state of Maryland during the war to silence Confederate sympethisors.
-THIS kept Maryland in the Union by force.

Front 10

“blundering generation”

Back 10

-Civil War theory that the war was a result of poor leadership and decision making. Talk of cecession was so common that it eventually became seen as a viable option.
-Wasn’t a war about slavery or two different people.

Front 11

Fort Sumter

Back 11

-In Charleston SC, this fort was a huge value for trade that Lincoln did not want to loose to the confederacy. He sends supplies to the fort but the fort surrenders after a 30 hour bombardment.
-South Carolina declared Lincoln sending supplies an act of aggression.

Front 12

“irrepressible conflict”

Back 12

-Civil War theory that believed the North and the South were two entirely different groups of people.
-Both sides were too different to ever agree and the heart of these differences was slavery.

Front 13

Harper’s Ferry

Back 13

-Town in Virginia that was raided by John Brown as an attempt to start an armed slave revolt by seizing the United States arsenal in this town.
-Robert E. Lee struck down the raid with a small army of marines.

Front 14

Charles Sumner

Back 14

-following the attack on Lawrence, this Massachussets Senator gave a very hostile and unprofessional speech called the Crime Against Kansas.
-Calls out slave holder Andrew Butler whos cousin, Preston Brooks, beats up Sumner with his cane. Sumner vacates his Senate seat after this.

Front 15

Dred Scott

Back 15

-Enslaved man who sued his owner for his freedom claiming he was taken into free states.
-Supreme Ct. claimed he didn’t have rights because he was a slave and therefor in the Dred Scott vs. Stanford case, the ct. ruled that Scott is still property even if they cross lines and Scott remains a slave.

Front 16

Bleeding Kansas

Back 16

-While Kansas was voting on becoming a free or slave state, abolishionists committed voter fraud at a Topeka convention.
-Jayhawkers vs. the Border Ruffians
-Could be consider start of Civil War.
-Violent
-Much of the action took place in Lawrence.
-John Brown led the Jawhawkers
-This all led to the Lecompton Constitution being drafted to vote on slavery.

Front 17

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Back 17

-Counter plan to the Gadsden Purchase proposed by Stephen Douglas
-Create two new states, Kansas and Nebraska, to build a railroad from Omaha to Ogden.
-Supported by southerners
-Douglas wanted to oppose Missouri Compromise so Kansas and Nebraska could vote on being slave states.

Front 18

Compromise of 1850

Back 18

-Made to protect the balance of slave states and free states
-California was made a free state
-Allowed other western territories to vote on slavery
-ABOLIShed slave trade in D.C.
-Established a new fugitive slave law.

Front 19

Gadsden Purchase

Back 19

-Purchase of a little slice of Mexico that involves Tuscon, vital in the building of the Transcontinental railroad.

Front 20

Free Soil Party

Back 20

-Radical Northern Whigs
-Didn’t want to compromise with slavery
-Platform of free soil, free speech, and free men
-Wanted to keep western territories free ,free soil for white workers, plantation systems out of the west, land availability in the west.

Front 21

Wilmot Proviso

Back 21

-Proposed by David Wilmot, none of the new territory accuired from Mexico cant be slave-holding
-Was widely debated but passed by Senate and not Congress
-Some Southerners wanted settlers to vote
-Settlers did vote
-California joins the union and claims to not be a slave state.

Front 22

“forty-niners”

Back 22

-A group of miners who wanted to gain wealth from the California gold rush.

Front 23

Chapultepec

Back 23

-Castle outside Mexico city that was Mexico’s last stand of defense against Winfield Scotts invasion.
-Robert E. Lee and his engineers deveised a way to breach the castle.
-LOS NInos, Mexico city cadets from academy, become heroes as they all died defending the city.

Front 24

Oregon Trail

Back 24

-Huge influx of around 1000 immigrants into the Oregon territory
-about 17 died every square mile
-Americans wanted all british territory Oregon and modern day Canada
-British allowed Americans to have all land south and created American, Canadian border.