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26 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Qin Shihuangdi
-ruled a centralized state, administered through a beuracracy
-the empire was divided into provinces and districts for purposes of rule
-he ordered the destruction of local fortresses
-also started the construction of roads and defensive walls
-roads served for the rapid movement of armies and goods
-within the empire, the emperor standardized laws, weights and measures, and script (writing)
-attempted to standardize language as well, but in fact there are numerous separate dialects in China
achaemenids
A dynasty of Persian kings who figure in Hebrew scriptures of the Bible;
-Cyrus
-Cambyses
-Darius
Darius I
Expanded east and west to rule the largest empire the world had yet seen. Established a fixed capital at Persepolis which was government center, residence, and a monumental city. The empire was too large to be rules directly so he appointed satraps, and beneath them local officials. This fostered warmth toward him. He regularized taxation- each satrapy owed a fixed amount annually. Instituted the use of coinage vs grain, built roads, and out in underground canals.
Parthians
In the 3rd century BCE they took over Mesopotamia and Iran. Their military power was focused on large heavy horses and cavalry. They had had a large empire which the Romans could never completely overcome.
Conficius
Western adaptation of the name Kong Fuzi.
He failed to gain work as a minister of state and instead found a career in teaching and political advisement. His students collected his works in a book called the Analects. His teachings;
-moral, ethical, and political thought
-practical, not theory alone
-founded in history and literature but aimed toward individual integrity
Laozi and Daoism
In the 6th century BCE Laozi founded Daoism. Key books written in the 5th - 3rd centuries. Teachings:
-way of the cosmos
-disengagement from the affairs of the world
-called for a simple life, for reflection and introspection
Daoism and Confucianism were not mutually exclusive
legalism
Had early exponents t the Qin court. Main points:
-foundation of government lay in agriculture and the army
-state channeled people to these occupations
-laws made to force people to submit to the will of the state
Liu Bang
tended initially to experiment with decentralized rule, but the experiment failed and as a consequence he instituted centralized rule and a bureaucracy
Han Wudi
(the martial emperor)
Increased bureaucracy, and developed more roads and canals. These facilitated trade and the collection of taxes. He established monopolies on goods such as iron and salt. Occupied Korea, Vietnam, and central Asia. The occupation was largely agricultural. Use of iron tools became widespread.
Alexander the Great
In 334 led an invasion of the Persian empire and conquered it. He then went to Egypt where he discovered the idea that he was the son of Amen-Ra. He subsequently founded the city of Alexandria. From Egypt he returned to Persia to finish off resistance there, took over Persia, and continued toward Egypt. By this time his soldiers had had enough and he was forced to turn back. Alexander was a poor administrator, reluctantly married, and had a son. He died shortly after and his son was king before also dying and leaving no heir.
Succession to Alexander the Great
Antiginus got Macedon and Greece
Ptolemy got Egypt
Seleucus got the core of the Persian empire. He lost the area of Afghanistan, but also took some land to the south from Ptolemy.
Each of the 3 founded lasting dynasties.
Shia
Islamic sect originating as a party supporting Ali and descendants for caliph
astrolabe
allowed for calculation of latitude
Ibn Rushd
a writer in Islamic Spain who was almost as influential as Aristotle
dar al-Islam
the 'house of Islam', meaning the Islamic world
Chinggis Khan
Born Timujin. His noble father was murdered when he was a child, and the family lands dispersed. He was left with a driving need to take back power and avenge his father. He was declared Chinggis Khan (universal ruler) in 1206. To keep power he separated groups and uprooted people. His army was mounted and moved quickly. He established a capital at Karakorum.
Khubilai Khan
conquered Song China. In 1279 he established the Yuan dynasty and declared himself emperor
Golden Horde
ruled Russia after Chinggis Khan and dominated there until the 15th century
Treaty of Verdun
Oral agreement (843) by the 3 surviving sons of Louis the Pious by which they divided what we call the Carolingian empire amongst themselves. Charles got the western portion (most of France and Belgium).
Louis got the eastern portion (Austria and Germany).
Lothar got the middle.
St. Benedict
-Born a Roman
He lived in a cave praying and meditating but eventually returned to the city and founded a monastary which then spread. He set them up under the rule of an abbot and set out rules for the monks:
-celibacy
-poverty
-work
Clovis
-war leader of the Franks
-mandate of heaven given to his family
-married to a Christian (German)
He converted after losing a war. He then prayed to his wife's god for victory the next time around and got it, so he converted. Following his conversion his soldiers also converted
Phillip Augustus
(1180-1223)
has his eye on Normandy. In 1202 he invades, but Normandy is well fortified, and he has to move into Anjou. John has alienated many of his subjects. He is ruhless, possibly crazy. He had a nephew, Arthur, who was against him. John captured him, and no one saw him. Eventually it was confirmed that he killed him. johns people supported Philip. John didn't protect Normandy. The result: Philip got Normandy, Anjou, and part of Poitou. The balance of power betwee England and France shifts. Those with lands in both places have to choose between the two. They have to become either French or English nobles. The national lines of the noble class are now distinct.
Spread of Islam
633-637 Syria, Palestine, most of Mesopotamia
640s Byzantine Egyot and N. Africa
711 Sind in NW India
711-718 most of Spain
until 732 threatened Frankish kingdom
---Charlemagne's grandfather defeated them at the Battle of Tours
Justinian
(527-565)
In the 6th century he attempted to conquer the lost provinces and reunite the empire. He fought the vandals in Africa and reannexed that area, fought the visigoths in Spain, and the Ostragoths in Italy. Thus, he reestablished imperial rule, but the results were short lived except in regards to art. (decorated churches and tombs with mosaics which remain today)
Crops introduced to Africa from Asia
sugarcane, rice, spinach, artichokes, eggplants, oranges, limes, lemons, bananas, coconuts, watermelons, mangoes, cotton, indigo, and henna
Ibn Battuta
Islamic world traveler who visited 44 modern countries and wrote an account of his travels. He served as a qadi along the way.