History 101 Exam #1

Front 1

Phillip II of Macedon

Back 1

4th Century
-Greek King of Macedon with strong military tactics and father of Alexander the Great
-wants to unite all of greece with strong military he wants to imporve training, 18 ft long spears

Front 2

Aristotle

Back 2

Philosopher and teacher in Greece in the 4th century.
teacher of Alexander the great and was the student of plato

Front 3

Diadochoi

Back 3

4th Century
After Alexander the Great dies he doesn't leave his land to anyone in specific so his successors (Diadochoi) killed off his family and his land is split into three parts Macedonia + Greece,
Persian Empire, and
Egypt

Front 4

Cleisthenes

Back 4

5th Century Athenian social elite who promises democracy for everyone and came up with a 500 people council instead of 400 and came up with the idea of ostracism which could be voted on once a year for a trouble maker, he was the first one ostracized.

Front 5

Pericles

Back 5

Who: athenian statesman who was the leader of athens in the first two peloponisian wars, encouraged greece to accept arts and literature
When: 5th century

Front 6

Xerxes

Back 6

Who: Took over as King of Persia from his father Darius. He leads his army against all of Greece with his navy but a storm ruins his boats, whips the sea 300 times.
Where:Persia
When:5th century

Front 7

Alcibiades

Back 7

Who: Leader of Athens who ruined the peace of nicias treaty and took over Melos (spartans allies) and then when Athens wanted to penalize Alcibiades he went to sparta and told them how to beat Athens. And democracy was destroyed and chaos ensued.
When: 5th century

Front 8

Lycurgus

Back 8

6th centure BCE
in Sparta, reformed the military because of the oracle at delphi. Said every spartan deserved rights, land, and hellot slaves.

Front 9

Solon

Back 9

who: Athenian statesman who redistributed land and took away the debt of those who were in debt. He starts off the government aspect that 400 random council members could vote on laws. Elites do not like Solon, because he took away their "power"
where: Athens
when: 6th century

Front 10

Phoenicians

Back 10

Developed in the 6th Century
great traders along coast of the levant were great carographers and were the group who made the 22 letter alphabet

Front 11

Peisistratus and Hippias

Back 11

P- was a tyrant of Greece during the 6th century. He recieved support from low and high class and promotes plays, art, a new culture. His son Hippias took over after his death ruled similarly to his father until he was killed by a bribe at the oracle at delphi by the spartans.

Front 12

Arete

Back 12

6th Century
means excellence in Greece in men excellence is being a good warrior and public speaker and for women good at cooking managing family and cleaning

Front 13

Zoroastrianism

Back 13

Persian Religion with the Prophet of Zoroaster in the 6th century.
Two parts: moral dualism: light and dark

Ahura Mazda God of all things good
Ahriman God of all things Bad

Front 14

Hebrews

Back 14

11th Century
People in southern levant believe in one God Yahweh, monarchy had the torah as their rules, moral and religious code they believed that the torah applies equally to eveyone

Front 15

Akhnaton

Back 15

14th Century
Egyptian Pharoah who took over and changed the main God from Amun-Re to Aton. However this idea wasn't well accepted and the religion was changed back after he died.

Front 16

Hatshepsut

Back 16

Queen Hatshepsut- pharoh ruler of Egypt in 1500 BCE and was incredibly successful in military and was a leader in building projects.

Front 17

King Hammurabi

Back 17

18th century
Who: King of Babylon
What:
signed peace treaties with everyone
Known for the law code he established it was impressive because it was written it was located in a public place and it allowed women to have rights.

Front 18

Neolithic Revolution*

Back 18

-10,000-8,000 BCE
-first agricultural revolution—the transition from hunting and gathering to farming and settlement.
-Fertile Crescent (Tigris and Euphrates River)

Front 19

Cuneiform*

Back 19

3,500 BCE
-written language or first written language by the Sumerians keeping track of trading and such

Front 20

Battle of Marathon*

Back 20

490 BCE
Persians invade Athens and at first confused by the atire, Persians wearing dresses? In the end Persia retreates and Athens hides themselves inside their walls

Front 21

League of Corinth*

Back 21

4th Century
unification of all greek city-states(ex sparta) created and led by Phillip II

Front 22

Battle of Gaugamela*

Back 22

331 BCE
The third and final battle between Greeks Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia. Darius III fleas for the third time, and the Greeks win and take control over Persia.